Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.6.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open XiHe forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.xihe()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 2TB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                         latitude: 2041, longitude: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6
  * latitude            (latitude) float32 8kB -80.0 -79.92 ... 89.92 90.0
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float32 17kB -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[ns] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:              CF-1.8
    challenger:               xihe
    forecast_reference_time:  2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:   challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:   xihe

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 2041
  • longitude: 4320
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940000e-01, 2.645700e+00, 5.078200e+00, 7.929600e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581010e+01, 2.159880e+01, 2.944470e+01, 4.034410e+01, 5.576430e+01,
           7.785390e+01, 9.232610e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    -80.0 -79.92 -79.83 ... 89.92 90.0

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-80.      , -79.916664, -79.833336, ...,  89.83334 ,  89.91667 ,
            90.      ], shape=(2041,), dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-180.     , -179.91667, -179.83333, ...,  179.75   ,  179.83334,
            179.91669], shape=(4320,), dtype=float32)

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[ns]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 17.08 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 37440 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49399998784065247,   2.645699977874756,   5.078199863433838,
             7.929599761962891,  11.404999732971191,  15.810099601745605,
            21.598800659179688,  29.444700241088867,   40.34410095214844,
             55.76430130004883,   77.85389709472656,   92.32610321044922,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([             -80.0, -79.91666412353516, -79.83333587646484,
                       -79.75, -79.66666412353516, -79.58333587646484,
                        -79.5, -79.41666412353516, -79.33333587646484,
                       -79.25,
           ...
                        89.25,  89.33334350585938,  89.41667175292969,
                         89.5,  89.58334350585938,  89.66667175292969,
                        89.75,  89.83334350585938,  89.91667175292969,
                         90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=2041))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([            -180.0, -179.9166717529297, -179.8333282470703,
                      -179.75, -179.6666717529297, -179.5833282470703,
                       -179.5, -179.4166717529297, -179.3333282470703,
                      -179.25,
           ...
           179.16668701171875,             179.25, 179.33334350585938,
           179.41668701171875,              179.5, 179.58334350585938,
           179.66668701171875,             179.75, 179.83334350585938,
           179.91668701171875],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=4320))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (5)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  xihe

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  xihe

Evaluation configuration

region = 'ibi'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.061751	0.069216	0.076456	0.066713	0.068163	0.076152	0.071377	0.073292	0.081589	0.077494	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.489207	0.541459	0.558853	0.561022	0.577499	0.589815	0.605879	0.625484	0.658102	0.667923	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.271947	0.279244	0.276808	0.279052	0.288559	0.286089	0.281192	0.281673	0.296000	0.291443	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.101146	0.098608	0.098646	0.098641	0.096256	0.094945	0.092261	0.091682	0.090516	0.091014	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.103801	0.102665	0.103034	0.101798	0.100994	0.099937	0.098479	0.098895	0.097517	0.096390	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.608149	0.663291	0.657713	0.627873	0.625195	0.624355	0.637592	0.624794	0.651310	0.620784	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.183588	0.188860	0.181326	0.179821	0.183276	0.175773	0.175643	0.168772	0.182078	0.173884	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.093340	0.090246	0.088833	0.087253	0.085666	0.084453	0.082192	0.081524	0.079473	0.079073	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.095893	0.092488	0.091003	0.089428	0.087864	0.086676	0.084377	0.083696	0.081867	0.081339	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.647767	0.720127	0.753567	0.712051	0.664956	0.650340	0.700177	0.656807	0.681267	0.645052	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.177076	0.181917	0.180071	0.184432	0.178440	0.173821	0.174918	0.174277	0.180645	0.175621	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.088127	0.085512	0.084289	0.081821	0.080283	0.079285	0.077031	0.076525	0.074378	0.074016	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.089763	0.086737	0.085365	0.083136	0.081602	0.080497	0.078427	0.078082	0.076393	0.075805	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.680228	0.661813	0.696223	0.649196	0.631448	0.594034	0.610625	0.601302	0.583901	0.633656	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.132975	0.133271	0.133793	0.131591	0.129265	0.125728	0.123889	0.123194	0.120662	0.124256	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.078807	0.082603	0.081265	0.078685	0.078342	0.075982	0.076068	0.075482	0.073043	0.071062	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.079822	0.083473	0.082106	0.079369	0.079444	0.077056	0.077178	0.076799	0.074281	0.072048	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.567251	0.527372	0.546829	0.519596	0.532543	0.503434	0.511825	0.515979	0.527724	0.510960	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.103184	0.106233	0.104707	0.103035	0.103118	0.100089	0.099372	0.099554	0.097836	0.097025	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.078389	0.082515	0.081007	0.078466	0.078159	0.076198	0.076034	0.075437	0.073029	0.071039	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.079870	0.083541	0.082185	0.079388	0.079546	0.077428	0.077467	0.077081	0.074552	0.072294	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.401306	0.396225	0.375864	0.376016	0.376970	0.349052	0.357645	0.365767	0.393614	0.351412	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.089998	0.100445	0.093815	0.093458	0.092805	0.088135	0.088443	0.087988	0.088775	0.085830	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.080986	0.085786	0.083693	0.081342	0.080397	0.078653	0.077909	0.077060	0.075003	0.073186	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.082755	0.087320	0.085231	0.082647	0.082137	0.080018	0.079316	0.078681	0.076514	0.074484	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	65.188347	60.430092	60.193913	62.744503	60.121799	60.299496	66.007233	63.567978	67.680954	63.821224	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.119820	0.126727	0.124211	0.126665	0.130312	0.131767	0.131717	0.134235	0.134133	0.132653	0.000043
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.109299	0.112597	0.111892	0.114000	0.113746	0.116936	0.115767	0.118211	0.117590	0.114360	0.000032

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Observations	Missing
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.427739	0.499538	0.558029	0.522400	0.546255	0.611629	0.604389	0.569000	0.616938	0.626323	1807	33
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.490162	0.573448	0.622927	0.597668	0.614553	0.633428	0.680998	0.682511	0.720735	0.674483	1496	9
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.701956	0.750327	0.772477	0.756711	0.824604	0.785348	0.843974	0.805476	0.770987	0.833424	36018	236
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.384358	0.409151	0.374393	0.437110	0.473321	0.413171	0.420530	0.381634	0.402394	0.378522	50931	497
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.383925	0.416821	0.288870	0.376645	0.405023	0.380978	0.403029	0.382319	0.436899	0.320945	45078	554
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.663781	0.864745	0.840052	0.657756	0.607052	0.709644	0.617823	0.672230	0.872790	0.862234	1303	10
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.282321	0.336784	0.345226	0.282266	0.309176	0.312030	0.298921	0.301558	0.349793	0.364748	32900	236
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.130341	0.126606	0.135661	0.123847	0.155814	0.131677	0.149423	0.136709	0.122892	0.151513	46897	497
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.088527	0.099758	0.091114	0.082688	0.088968	0.077146	0.085621	0.087015	0.093160	0.088520	40027	554
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.051346	0.050233	0.051586	0.050892	0.049747	0.050824	0.052273	0.052168	0.056517	0.057829	179488	2562
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.109811	0.108957	0.108587	0.109957	0.104921	0.105517	0.105961	0.106400	0.104523	0.102109	18905	363
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.106421	0.109479	0.108520	0.103180	0.101188	0.097413	0.095955	0.101405	0.104223	0.105720	18905	363

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	9.321043	18.025953	25.997829	33.201645	39.739861	45.737225	51.36301	56.724922	61.773533

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.039271	0.045292	0.049466	0.054128	0.055514	0.054715	0.051158	0.052716	0.057987	0.058325	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.434600	0.478591	0.501181	0.523222	0.556219	0.600094	0.591973	0.643977	0.657021	0.671555	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.178422	0.194087	0.198457	0.212669	0.225326	0.235830	0.228652	0.238712	0.249039	0.249905	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.046687	0.055803	0.063538	0.070084	0.073600	0.076855	0.079608	0.083157	0.085819	0.087742	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.049110	0.059627	0.067847	0.072495	0.077680	0.081579	0.086161	0.090395	0.092777	0.093115	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.466865	0.514275	0.516305	0.548753	0.571533	0.614493	0.622143	0.651453	0.631489	0.659258	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.108768	0.113163	0.110227	0.116255	0.122920	0.128224	0.126634	0.130733	0.134907	0.135058	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.031317	0.040765	0.048324	0.054982	0.060777	0.064599	0.068932	0.073162	0.075285	0.077180	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.032066	0.041192	0.049383	0.056210	0.061701	0.066235	0.070806	0.075094	0.077133	0.078817	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.431917	0.446276	0.458963	0.457042	0.486079	0.526614	0.515734	0.562133	0.543853	0.567381	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.111730	0.116063	0.117921	0.127867	0.129332	0.132446	0.136111	0.139743	0.139747	0.144203	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.028255	0.037063	0.044399	0.050579	0.056229	0.060483	0.064667	0.068376	0.070280	0.072244	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.028813	0.037691	0.044928	0.050987	0.056519	0.061157	0.065348	0.069348	0.071492	0.073132	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.339342	0.332774	0.329713	0.377214	0.367192	0.379188	0.387271	0.386925	0.386939	0.382108	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.070817	0.077571	0.067963	0.079471	0.078193	0.078937	0.084164	0.084345	0.084184	0.080768	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.036994	0.028853	0.033349	0.040164	0.043973	0.048408	0.053802	0.057571	0.059403	0.061120	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.037079	0.029372	0.033878	0.040886	0.044511	0.049000	0.054260	0.058095	0.059985	0.061737	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.308272	0.310899	0.284321	0.333442	0.332718	0.331955	0.355877	0.352355	0.356103	0.330062	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.064312	0.070731	0.061935	0.068743	0.069668	0.069060	0.073317	0.074065	0.075917	0.070537	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.034448	0.027321	0.031858	0.038464	0.042305	0.046735	0.052060	0.055856	0.057764	0.059534	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.035352	0.028801	0.033134	0.040073	0.043586	0.047994	0.053142	0.056956	0.058851	0.060618	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.287446	0.317173	0.268380	0.329660	0.302923	0.303816	0.308003	0.307710	0.322495	0.296476	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.070553	0.078541	0.068496	0.074772	0.071986	0.068038	0.071337	0.072068	0.074016	0.069776	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.032355	0.028217	0.033240	0.040185	0.043893	0.047980	0.052999	0.056497	0.058415	0.060166	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.032956	0.029403	0.034179	0.041275	0.044789	0.048835	0.053865	0.057341	0.059263	0.060996	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	64.951073	60.350979	60.144474	62.938625	59.879189	59.826561	65.181709	63.156448	67.452202	63.601761	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.120019	0.126625	0.124403	0.126514	0.130940	0.133533	0.133404	0.137513	0.137494	0.135718	0.0
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.109155	0.113379	0.112557	0.115133	0.115798	0.119404	0.119205	0.122507	0.122108	0.119249	0.0

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	4.570075	9.600251	14.828066	20.086826	25.322163	30.584391	35.9123	41.186356	46.290058