Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.6.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open XiHe forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.xihe()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 2TB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                         latitude: 2041, longitude: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6
  * latitude            (latitude) float32 8kB -80.0 -79.92 ... 89.92 90.0
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float32 17kB -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[ns] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:              CF-1.8
    challenger:               xihe
    forecast_reference_time:  2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:   challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:   xihe

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 2041
  • longitude: 4320
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940000e-01, 2.645700e+00, 5.078200e+00, 7.929600e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581010e+01, 2.159880e+01, 2.944470e+01, 4.034410e+01, 5.576430e+01,
           7.785390e+01, 9.232610e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    -80.0 -79.92 -79.83 ... 89.92 90.0

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-80.      , -79.916664, -79.833336, ...,  89.83334 ,  89.91667 ,
            90.      ], shape=(2041,), dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-180.     , -179.91667, -179.83333, ...,  179.75   ,  179.83334,
            179.91669], shape=(4320,), dtype=float32)

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[ns]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 17.08 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 37440 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49399998784065247,   2.645699977874756,   5.078199863433838,
             7.929599761962891,  11.404999732971191,  15.810099601745605,
            21.598800659179688,  29.444700241088867,   40.34410095214844,
             55.76430130004883,   77.85389709472656,   92.32610321044922,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([             -80.0, -79.91666412353516, -79.83333587646484,
                       -79.75, -79.66666412353516, -79.58333587646484,
                        -79.5, -79.41666412353516, -79.33333587646484,
                       -79.25,
           ...
                        89.25,  89.33334350585938,  89.41667175292969,
                         89.5,  89.58334350585938,  89.66667175292969,
                        89.75,  89.83334350585938,  89.91667175292969,
                         90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=2041))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([            -180.0, -179.9166717529297, -179.8333282470703,
                      -179.75, -179.6666717529297, -179.5833282470703,
                       -179.5, -179.4166717529297, -179.3333282470703,
                      -179.25,
           ...
           179.16668701171875,             179.25, 179.33334350585938,
           179.41668701171875,              179.5, 179.58334350585938,
           179.66668701171875,             179.75, 179.83334350585938,
           179.91668701171875],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=4320))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (5)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  xihe

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  xihe

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.076716	0.083912	0.083560	0.082479	0.082172	0.087070	0.086192	0.085548	0.089080	0.089884	0.000001
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.628932	0.635523	0.643679	0.671238	0.675221	0.702141	0.675301	0.741300	0.770586	0.792358	0.000000
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.520520	0.510803	0.521688	0.522537	0.522109	0.512183	0.510562	0.512113	0.516930	0.500890	0.000000
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.132252	0.129803	0.130207	0.130207	0.131349	0.131553	0.130394	0.131278	0.130881	0.131307	0.000000
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.135460	0.132346	0.133026	0.133942	0.135554	0.135608	0.134561	0.136234	0.136213	0.136215	0.000000
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.857714	0.881721	0.876566	0.884869	0.887508	0.926433	0.859843	0.921232	0.944891	0.989729	0.000000
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.249008	0.250927	0.249369	0.248872	0.251614	0.249819	0.249851	0.250866	0.252216	0.254360	0.000000
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.121778	0.119225	0.119102	0.118110	0.118993	0.118964	0.117583	0.118573	0.118059	0.117900	0.000000
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.123560	0.120281	0.119952	0.118966	0.120407	0.119888	0.118659	0.119899	0.119777	0.119992	0.000000
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	1.029823	1.062367	1.079988	1.092654	1.072968	1.099261	1.089853	1.111051	1.132234	1.162044	0.000000
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.182395	0.183335	0.181853	0.182873	0.183234	0.181947	0.184420	0.183161	0.186629	0.185948	0.000000
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.117488	0.114297	0.113516	0.111381	0.111703	0.111455	0.109570	0.110355	0.109624	0.109180	0.000000
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.122841	0.119453	0.118607	0.116494	0.116749	0.115917	0.114671	0.115557	0.114966	0.114953	0.000000
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.879564	0.848807	0.873122	0.831051	0.869456	0.860513	0.857318	0.887391	0.866753	0.877782	0.000000
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.144886	0.146537	0.147237	0.143759	0.144492	0.144007	0.141081	0.142290	0.140584	0.142185	0.000000
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.112874	0.116067	0.114002	0.110650	0.110821	0.110371	0.110314	0.110418	0.108966	0.108191	0.000000
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.119359	0.122416	0.120619	0.117620	0.118148	0.117250	0.116437	0.116976	0.115812	0.114809	0.000000
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.747584	0.707606	0.729574	0.699427	0.729172	0.728978	0.713608	0.740109	0.731435	0.730972	0.000000
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.117917	0.118938	0.121810	0.117926	0.118661	0.119098	0.115139	0.117759	0.114988	0.117966	0.000000
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.109701	0.113215	0.111303	0.107960	0.108080	0.107690	0.107547	0.107362	0.106028	0.105080	0.000000
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.115017	0.118239	0.116712	0.113418	0.113919	0.113280	0.112887	0.113054	0.111741	0.110604	0.000000
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.556377	0.535637	0.545630	0.528542	0.551081	0.545530	0.535822	0.552665	0.549097	0.548028	0.000000
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.087385	0.089715	0.089224	0.088093	0.087289	0.089082	0.085835	0.087509	0.086355	0.088049	0.000000
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.100242	0.103891	0.102255	0.098901	0.098835	0.098381	0.098069	0.097394	0.096479	0.095578	0.000000
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.104551	0.108207	0.106859	0.103590	0.103838	0.103280	0.102746	0.102533	0.101664	0.100753	0.000000

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	66.635735	62.959354	64.027695	66.554794	62.080173	62.96244	66.711044	67.959686	69.899849	61.232536	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.221379	0.229024	0.224693	0.229759	0.228288	0.233274	0.225284	0.232865	0.231600	0.230305	0.000004
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.223201	0.226724	0.223528	0.223758	0.222158	0.227557	0.217188	0.224061	0.226163	0.229656	0.000007

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Observations	Missing
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.801163	0.819833	0.794863	0.839350	0.856272	0.911393	0.892356	0.917092	0.955537	0.931938	150081	0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.786284	0.823444	0.847882	0.887209	0.901378	0.914403	0.916298	0.917083	0.961890	0.992129	80763	0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.909281	0.932653	0.907360	0.959584	0.960222	0.976426	0.973279	1.003122	1.009505	1.041286	1334564	0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.807857	0.822879	0.796891	0.827828	0.835336	0.816845	0.840951	0.836716	0.857515	0.859511	2117343	0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.541661	0.536868	0.529253	0.537184	0.541725	0.548466	0.559379	0.566445	0.584526	0.571844	2622487	0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.259201	0.285479	0.281679	0.306581	0.277629	0.285114	0.271660	0.268460	0.303587	0.297807	68940	0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.200856	0.213184	0.212412	0.221731	0.219871	0.215361	0.217634	0.213976	0.227629	0.225870	1136708	0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.128446	0.131361	0.129056	0.133257	0.131669	0.126038	0.134569	0.129580	0.132140	0.135147	1803408	0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.080013	0.082092	0.078658	0.080084	0.078222	0.078688	0.081220	0.082064	0.082852	0.082645	2225476	0
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.053811	0.054881	0.055895	0.058740	0.060547	0.062969	0.065486	0.065036	0.067346	0.068601	15390586	0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.137079	0.135405	0.137066	0.136784	0.136837	0.135617	0.136133	0.137290	0.138134	0.139549	1202530	0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.131117	0.128724	0.129884	0.130439	0.132086	0.131964	0.130296	0.130467	0.130408	0.132279	1202530	0

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	11.915425	23.030924	33.370186	43.134529	52.483212	61.371029	69.877106	78.134804	86.133629

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.035551	0.043190	0.045651	0.048727	0.052177	0.056301	0.059414	0.060321	0.062903	0.064329	1.072749e-06
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.454202	0.486987	0.497021	0.547273	0.570087	0.612887	0.604224	0.672931	0.692320	0.720710	0.000000e+00
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.259571	0.308280	0.298078	0.316531	0.325396	0.349453	0.360162	0.375083	0.387104	0.405881	0.000000e+00
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.060879	0.073777	0.083883	0.092683	0.101338	0.108449	0.115101	0.121287	0.124526	0.127748	1.072749e-06
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.065079	0.076587	0.086170	0.095918	0.104602	0.112450	0.118844	0.125851	0.129877	0.132720	1.072749e-06
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.541243	0.597533	0.601638	0.648146	0.676280	0.730540	0.715868	0.767415	0.786290	0.837329	0.000000e+00
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.109297	0.124944	0.126104	0.139459	0.145220	0.151050	0.155193	0.161162	0.167556	0.166540	0.000000e+00
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.047345	0.057719	0.066361	0.073914	0.082371	0.089813	0.096779	0.103651	0.107124	0.110493	8.514015e-07
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.048241	0.058237	0.066777	0.075399	0.083491	0.091239	0.098905	0.105693	0.109875	0.113700	8.514015e-07
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.561607	0.603770	0.623086	0.673661	0.700415	0.745735	0.772834	0.815991	0.842215	0.872446	0.000000e+00
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.096557	0.108344	0.108355	0.120298	0.121426	0.126584	0.130387	0.134046	0.138397	0.137320	0.000000e+00
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.042023	0.052609	0.060562	0.067902	0.075620	0.082854	0.089248	0.095467	0.098813	0.101693	6.023157e-06
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.042201	0.054010	0.062155	0.069973	0.077628	0.084793	0.091232	0.097486	0.101231	0.104175	6.023157e-06
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.450583	0.414833	0.422731	0.480147	0.492359	0.515109	0.553035	0.581673	0.581170	0.595240	0.000000e+00
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.075169	0.074562	0.073735	0.083805	0.084987	0.088828	0.095038	0.098577	0.100267	0.101284	0.000000e+00
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.063987	0.040038	0.044957	0.052811	0.057689	0.064314	0.070551	0.075851	0.078556	0.081415	2.812068e-06
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.058770	0.039496	0.044433	0.052433	0.057078	0.063328	0.069573	0.074598	0.077434	0.080275	2.812068e-06
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.398476	0.350897	0.359088	0.404292	0.420920	0.440538	0.471224	0.500090	0.504076	0.513400	0.000000e+00
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.065255	0.062836	0.064310	0.071046	0.072948	0.076795	0.081262	0.084431	0.085381	0.087187	0.000000e+00
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.058759	0.037033	0.041760	0.049300	0.053811	0.059927	0.065901	0.070987	0.073615	0.076403	2.340138e-06
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.053356	0.035994	0.040882	0.048322	0.052820	0.058552	0.064537	0.069319	0.072076	0.074811	2.340138e-06
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.314704	0.285983	0.283610	0.325199	0.333044	0.343778	0.370636	0.390765	0.395176	0.401020	0.000000e+00
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.053945	0.053107	0.052125	0.057572	0.057600	0.061271	0.063637	0.065531	0.065629	0.067448	0.000000e+00
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.049193	0.033147	0.037709	0.044652	0.048497	0.053562	0.058969	0.063243	0.065622	0.068080	2.798286e-06
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.044174	0.032260	0.036767	0.043803	0.047444	0.052221	0.057476	0.061622	0.064023	0.066487	2.798286e-06

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	62.709129	57.64518	59.842758	62.855507	57.727131	58.787022	63.137215	64.407211	66.715134	56.990421	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.204580	0.214278	0.210426	0.217324	0.217247	0.224261	0.218421	0.227418	0.227417	0.226908	0.000003
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.207338	0.212737	0.209980	0.211711	0.211914	0.219368	0.210705	0.219003	0.222359	0.226737	0.000001

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	5.653659	11.56801	17.554674	23.817381	30.485514	37.461853	44.698421	52.16349	59.688107