Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.6.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open WenHai forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.wenhai()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 2TB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                         latitude: 2041, longitude: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6
  * latitude            (latitude) float32 8kB -80.0 -79.92 ... 89.92 90.0
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float32 17kB -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[ns] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:              CF-1.8
    challenger:               wenhai
    forecast_reference_time:  2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:   challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:   wenhai

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 2041
  • longitude: 4320
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940250e-01, 2.645669e+00, 5.078224e+00, 7.929560e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581007e+01, 2.159882e+01, 2.944473e+01, 4.034405e+01, 5.576429e+01,
           7.785385e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    -80.0 -79.92 -79.83 ... 89.92 90.0

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-80.      , -79.916664, -79.833336, ...,  89.83334 ,  89.91667 ,
            90.      ], shape=(2041,), dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-180.     , -179.91667, -179.83333, ...,  179.75   ,  179.83334,
            179.91669], shape=(4320,), dtype=float32)

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[ns]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    longitudeg_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    longitudeg_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    longitudeg_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    longitudeg_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    longitudeg_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 17.08 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 37440 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,  2.6456689834594727,   5.078224182128906,
              7.92956018447876,  11.404999732971191,  15.810070037841797,
            21.598819732666016,  29.444730758666992,  40.344051361083984,
             55.76428985595703,   77.85385131835938,    92.3260726928711,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([             -80.0, -79.91666412353516, -79.83333587646484,
                       -79.75, -79.66666412353516, -79.58333587646484,
                        -79.5, -79.41666412353516, -79.33333587646484,
                       -79.25,
           ...
                        89.25,  89.33334350585938,  89.41667175292969,
                         89.5,  89.58334350585938,  89.66667175292969,
                        89.75,  89.83334350585938,  89.91667175292969,
                         90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=2041))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([            -180.0, -179.9166717529297, -179.8333282470703,
                      -179.75, -179.6666717529297, -179.5833282470703,
                       -179.5, -179.4166717529297, -179.3333282470703,
                      -179.25,
           ...
           179.16668701171875,             179.25, 179.33334350585938,
           179.41668701171875,              179.5, 179.58334350585938,
           179.66668701171875,             179.75, 179.83334350585938,
           179.91668701171875],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=4320))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (5)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  wenhai

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  wenhai

Evaluation configuration

region = 'ibi'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.060507	0.063747	0.063900	0.065107	0.066341	0.067287	0.067032	0.069022	0.072278	0.073670	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.448162	0.451603	0.452599	0.457546	0.464174	0.477960	0.490657	0.510004	0.530257	0.552260	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.256261	0.256651	0.257831	0.258607	0.260451	0.261938	0.264080	0.266851	0.267622	0.270736	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.097715	0.097314	0.097327	0.098219	0.098546	0.099376	0.100650	0.102148	0.104614	0.105954	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.101096	0.100450	0.100435	0.101783	0.102419	0.104294	0.105805	0.108332	0.110133	0.112426	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.691849	0.689899	0.688611	0.687819	0.688863	0.691179	0.694575	0.698450	0.700960	0.702664	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.190696	0.190253	0.189961	0.189870	0.189965	0.190232	0.190626	0.191067	0.191334	0.191626	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.094092	0.093672	0.093584	0.093806	0.093844	0.093982	0.094330	0.094877	0.095259	0.095694	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.097274	0.096721	0.096693	0.096779	0.096887	0.097115	0.097539	0.098021	0.098277	0.098700	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.740856	0.738882	0.737597	0.737049	0.737364	0.738484	0.740302	0.742412	0.743166	0.743647	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.196135	0.195461	0.195027	0.194912	0.194984	0.195198	0.195601	0.196041	0.196175	0.196392	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.089895	0.089501	0.089362	0.089404	0.089446	0.089522	0.089729	0.090015	0.090140	0.090405	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.092012	0.091626	0.091467	0.091490	0.091585	0.091763	0.092076	0.092371	0.092560	0.092682	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.659846	0.658638	0.657892	0.657623	0.657779	0.658392	0.659451	0.660458	0.660407	0.660316	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.136737	0.136545	0.136527	0.136657	0.136879	0.137207	0.137625	0.138036	0.138286	0.138519	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.084385	0.083979	0.083763	0.083627	0.083588	0.083604	0.083701	0.083831	0.083769	0.083746	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.085746	0.085430	0.085271	0.085237	0.085319	0.085470	0.085682	0.085919	0.085979	0.085997	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.539443	0.538454	0.537850	0.537595	0.537732	0.538169	0.538969	0.539792	0.539780	0.539698	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.105458	0.105341	0.105336	0.105419	0.105593	0.105825	0.106138	0.106436	0.106593	0.106744	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.083859	0.083384	0.083075	0.082853	0.082749	0.082698	0.082725	0.082783	0.082691	0.082607	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.085239	0.084833	0.084565	0.084436	0.084430	0.084493	0.084594	0.084755	0.084755	0.084706	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.397516	0.396841	0.396677	0.397031	0.397774	0.398780	0.400093	0.401459	0.402161	0.402920	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.091424	0.091334	0.091342	0.091424	0.091537	0.091708	0.091917	0.092090	0.092161	0.092252	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.086868	0.086136	0.085538	0.085088	0.084763	0.084499	0.084330	0.084193	0.083961	0.083726	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.088521	0.087863	0.087319	0.086925	0.086638	0.086434	0.086303	0.086231	0.086058	0.085879	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	30.256029	33.258934	35.519707	38.272545	40.570335	42.804398	45.00692	47.170959	48.824211	49.09676	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.091911	0.093091	0.094043	0.095906	0.097563	0.099459	0.101404	0.103453	0.105585	0.108099	0.000431
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.091786	0.092110	0.092499	0.093349	0.094169	0.095156	0.096331	0.097465	0.098515	0.100183	0.000628

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Observations	Missing
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.387868	0.455458	0.508095	0.452460	0.477419	0.470750	0.535488	0.472128	0.518646	0.532148	1807	33
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.390416	0.450539	0.373810	0.427798	0.481267	0.422709	0.551257	0.476950	0.568091	0.493423	1496	9
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.674105	0.700444	0.709536	0.696694	0.802251	0.725805	0.770058	0.743772	0.735076	0.779515	36018	236
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.300334	0.326095	0.340582	0.305202	0.338979	0.317055	0.339049	0.315765	0.338915	0.377567	50931	497
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.265469	0.259243	0.256122	0.239337	0.269489	0.252203	0.262678	0.258053	0.286822	0.255795	45078	554
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.671417	0.884405	0.859262	0.668165	0.626608	0.736302	0.643739	0.709229	0.910319	0.893603	1303	10
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.276986	0.337360	0.348552	0.278351	0.308020	0.310550	0.296231	0.301188	0.360407	0.379410	32900	236
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.107269	0.095608	0.117761	0.086019	0.136016	0.108959	0.125768	0.114589	0.109932	0.149109	46897	497
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.046323	0.045693	0.051126	0.044171	0.055535	0.050885	0.058945	0.046917	0.050405	0.052761	40027	554
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.047238	0.047634	0.049282	0.047654	0.047201	0.048355	0.049064	0.050526	0.054851	0.054351	179488	2562
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.108729	0.109516	0.109974	0.114120	0.107562	0.110120	0.112656	0.112960	0.113323	0.114033	18905	363
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.106724	0.110944	0.110946	0.106580	0.107330	0.105976	0.102940	0.110568	0.116068	0.116803	18905	363

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	8.922926	17.177767	24.75407	31.742561	38.199997	44.293396	50.08527	55.701012	61.156723

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.020270	0.025679	0.027736	0.031722	0.034309	0.035453	0.036068	0.039623	0.044568	0.048848	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.154277	0.211865	0.246645	0.279149	0.307484	0.343057	0.373640	0.409092	0.442317	0.475926	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.056226	0.082523	0.101536	0.117048	0.130903	0.143706	0.156427	0.168210	0.177638	0.186630	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.036583	0.044288	0.049870	0.056748	0.062389	0.068426	0.074877	0.080904	0.087364	0.091010	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.038321	0.045618	0.051800	0.059019	0.065000	0.072497	0.079183	0.086803	0.092463	0.097356	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.172159	0.234273	0.285525	0.325854	0.361140	0.394956	0.427803	0.457934	0.476412	0.495717	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.036796	0.050029	0.060678	0.069742	0.077857	0.085703	0.093327	0.100421	0.105896	0.111067	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.026364	0.033617	0.040093	0.046669	0.052708	0.058299	0.064475	0.070165	0.074731	0.078501	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.027157	0.034167	0.041233	0.047868	0.053666	0.059791	0.066234	0.072208	0.076481	0.080430	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.135301	0.181456	0.220022	0.255330	0.289317	0.321655	0.352964	0.381558	0.400455	0.418263	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.035884	0.048783	0.059656	0.069249	0.078017	0.086204	0.093983	0.101213	0.106591	0.111640	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.022396	0.029673	0.036206	0.042354	0.048187	0.053975	0.059844	0.065143	0.069137	0.072851	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.022169	0.029908	0.036546	0.042849	0.048715	0.054658	0.060550	0.066031	0.070096	0.073688	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.109318	0.145238	0.175387	0.202361	0.228275	0.253597	0.278415	0.300784	0.315339	0.328819	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.026517	0.034539	0.041501	0.047533	0.053073	0.058313	0.063347	0.067825	0.070991	0.073920	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.018545	0.025226	0.031226	0.036986	0.042624	0.048243	0.053849	0.058927	0.062583	0.065796	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.018291	0.025266	0.031403	0.037155	0.042845	0.048548	0.054137	0.059246	0.062951	0.066191	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.093194	0.127928	0.156437	0.180952	0.203477	0.225010	0.246061	0.265180	0.278011	0.289796	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.022452	0.029384	0.035374	0.040483	0.045063	0.049298	0.053355	0.057008	0.059677	0.062154	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.017619	0.024323	0.030339	0.036055	0.041599	0.047078	0.052502	0.057424	0.061001	0.064133	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.017373	0.024336	0.030480	0.036183	0.041796	0.047340	0.052722	0.057662	0.061248	0.064394	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.077986	0.111812	0.139535	0.162809	0.183565	0.202850	0.221172	0.237329	0.248301	0.258411	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.021269	0.028173	0.034237	0.039338	0.043714	0.047685	0.051336	0.054497	0.056780	0.058879	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.017750	0.025505	0.032155	0.038059	0.043563	0.048799	0.053851	0.058404	0.061772	0.064759	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.017576	0.025569	0.032356	0.038298	0.043822	0.049078	0.054103	0.058653	0.062027	0.064990	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	22.873589	28.649366	32.73624	35.987606	38.568405	41.013252	43.121994	45.82869	47.815952	48.797153	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.029045	0.039852	0.047826	0.056301	0.063390	0.070380	0.077131	0.083283	0.088741	0.093756	0.0
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.025234	0.034560	0.042002	0.049397	0.055929	0.062177	0.068460	0.074193	0.079006	0.083559	0.0

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	3.260709	6.654899	10.271311	14.242875	18.553883	23.175127	28.087738	33.237713	38.535725