Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.6.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open WenHai forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.wenhai()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 2TB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                         latitude: 2041, longitude: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6
  * latitude            (latitude) float32 8kB -80.0 -79.92 ... 89.92 90.0
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float32 17kB -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[ns] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:              CF-1.8
    challenger:               wenhai
    forecast_reference_time:  2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:   challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:   wenhai

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 2041
  • longitude: 4320
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940250e-01, 2.645669e+00, 5.078224e+00, 7.929560e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581007e+01, 2.159882e+01, 2.944473e+01, 4.034405e+01, 5.576429e+01,
           7.785385e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    -80.0 -79.92 -79.83 ... 89.92 90.0

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-80.      , -79.916664, -79.833336, ...,  89.83334 ,  89.91667 ,
            90.      ], shape=(2041,), dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-180.     , -179.91667, -179.83333, ...,  179.75   ,  179.83334,
            179.91669], shape=(4320,), dtype=float32)

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[ns]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    longitudeg_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    longitudeg_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    longitudeg_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    longitudeg_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    longitudeg_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 17.08 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 37440 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,  2.6456689834594727,   5.078224182128906,
              7.92956018447876,  11.404999732971191,  15.810070037841797,
            21.598819732666016,  29.444730758666992,  40.344051361083984,
             55.76428985595703,   77.85385131835938,    92.3260726928711,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([             -80.0, -79.91666412353516, -79.83333587646484,
                       -79.75, -79.66666412353516, -79.58333587646484,
                        -79.5, -79.41666412353516, -79.33333587646484,
                       -79.25,
           ...
                        89.25,  89.33334350585938,  89.41667175292969,
                         89.5,  89.58334350585938,  89.66667175292969,
                        89.75,  89.83334350585938,  89.91667175292969,
                         90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=2041))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([            -180.0, -179.9166717529297, -179.8333282470703,
                      -179.75, -179.6666717529297, -179.5833282470703,
                       -179.5, -179.4166717529297, -179.3333282470703,
                      -179.25,
           ...
           179.16668701171875,             179.25, 179.33334350585938,
           179.41668701171875,              179.5, 179.58334350585938,
           179.66668701171875,             179.75, 179.83334350585938,
           179.91668701171875],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=4320))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (5)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  wenhai

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  wenhai

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.067297	0.067837	0.068314	0.069029	0.070000	0.071123	0.072434	0.073915	0.075055	0.076418	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.545854	0.546927	0.548404	0.551799	0.557526	0.566099	0.577857	0.590285	0.600827	0.613008	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.593349	0.589240	0.586293	0.584355	0.583036	0.582969	0.583381	0.583650	0.583644	0.584749	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.128839	0.128865	0.129647	0.131051	0.132610	0.134668	0.137225	0.140117	0.142393	0.144566	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.131537	0.132004	0.133251	0.135019	0.137156	0.139917	0.143153	0.146613	0.149264	0.151939	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.853515	0.848009	0.845040	0.843493	0.845182	0.848620	0.853642	0.860234	0.864708	0.869447	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.268303	0.267356	0.266786	0.266528	0.266610	0.266916	0.267414	0.268067	0.268531	0.269028	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.122681	0.122561	0.123029	0.124030	0.125212	0.126671	0.128619	0.130685	0.132134	0.133471	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.125158	0.125075	0.125748	0.126778	0.128067	0.129774	0.132078	0.134588	0.136241	0.137982	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	1.092397	1.089893	1.089625	1.091495	1.095738	1.101803	1.110112	1.118628	1.124157	1.131055	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.199306	0.198444	0.197872	0.197573	0.197539	0.197750	0.198189	0.198706	0.198967	0.199271	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.119896	0.119490	0.119524	0.119914	0.120601	0.121663	0.123064	0.124544	0.125428	0.126244	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.125504	0.125225	0.125285	0.125843	0.126767	0.127900	0.129430	0.131206	0.132427	0.133578	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.908078	0.905707	0.904278	0.904040	0.904992	0.907527	0.911553	0.915944	0.917967	0.920215	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.162858	0.162201	0.161756	0.161521	0.161489	0.161637	0.161960	0.162318	0.162455	0.162643	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.117594	0.116927	0.116551	0.116415	0.116480	0.116762	0.117343	0.118014	0.118310	0.118621	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.124445	0.123934	0.123593	0.123506	0.123625	0.123952	0.124516	0.125257	0.125723	0.126170	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.768281	0.765999	0.764909	0.765044	0.766366	0.768894	0.772527	0.776583	0.778544	0.780673	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.136232	0.135730	0.135445	0.135347	0.135420	0.135652	0.136027	0.136449	0.136663	0.136915	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.114778	0.114045	0.113558	0.113290	0.113240	0.113405	0.113799	0.114247	0.114403	0.114575	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.120176	0.119645	0.119246	0.119068	0.119029	0.119184	0.119555	0.120049	0.120347	0.120625	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.591523	0.590010	0.589155	0.589114	0.589950	0.591681	0.594298	0.597273	0.598862	0.600615	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.103592	0.103274	0.103099	0.103073	0.103165	0.103358	0.103657	0.103982	0.104183	0.104410	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.105367	0.104560	0.103949	0.103502	0.103227	0.103106	0.103152	0.103289	0.103261	0.103255	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.109990	0.109304	0.108783	0.108451	0.108279	0.108257	0.108366	0.108547	0.108608	0.108695	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	36.104874	38.960838	41.741394	44.104244	46.117577	47.907715	49.626324	51.128803	52.262001	53.410019	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.122656	0.126286	0.130624	0.135667	0.141363	0.147476	0.154025	0.160695	0.166776	0.172894	0.000617
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.120645	0.123169	0.126185	0.129673	0.133580	0.137786	0.142268	0.146893	0.150844	0.154743	0.000791

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Observations	Missing
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.762117	0.787668	0.757749	0.779967	0.807496	0.849363	0.851728	0.864633	0.887755	0.857556	150081	0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.755466	0.762715	0.779986	0.812186	0.818728	0.825614	0.839720	0.828472	0.834991	0.857017	80763	0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.896406	0.902863	0.889908	0.923807	0.932774	0.920345	0.933588	0.964383	0.972750	0.991458	1334564	27
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.815467	0.836532	0.826997	0.828816	0.856011	0.853218	0.874827	0.882380	0.914047	0.926366	2117343	0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.544082	0.561921	0.557545	0.553091	0.573890	0.587015	0.591948	0.598166	0.607713	0.621930	2622487	0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.269036	0.290977	0.287473	0.313566	0.291962	0.294441	0.280124	0.284884	0.302385	0.300265	68940	0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.207872	0.213150	0.217264	0.220480	0.217068	0.215338	0.218542	0.219931	0.224727	0.233074	1136708	27
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.135403	0.137330	0.137715	0.136522	0.140420	0.137946	0.144438	0.141472	0.144686	0.150858	1803408	0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.087140	0.087945	0.087034	0.086623	0.088121	0.089936	0.090865	0.092375	0.092844	0.096883	2225476	0
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.048918	0.050327	0.052007	0.054229	0.056231	0.058545	0.060974	0.063039	0.065581	0.067620	15390586	0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.132577	0.134389	0.137355	0.138701	0.138811	0.139433	0.142856	0.145744	0.148106	0.151213	1202530	0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.127743	0.128437	0.130430	0.132456	0.135321	0.137046	0.138380	0.140349	0.142586	0.144697	1202530	0

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	11.639912	22.666777	33.110165	43.08189	52.647018	61.88763	70.881912	79.668549	88.251495

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.017923	0.023243	0.027212	0.031358	0.035732	0.039969	0.044428	0.048696	0.051576	0.054520	0.000000e+00
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.164503	0.210638	0.248440	0.284947	0.322117	0.359770	0.399969	0.437848	0.466079	0.493792	0.000000e+00
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.135384	0.167499	0.194500	0.219945	0.242716	0.264397	0.284891	0.303327	0.318956	0.333575	0.000000e+00
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.051609	0.061745	0.070225	0.078925	0.087794	0.096900	0.106147	0.114830	0.120898	0.126409	1.072749e-06
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.050892	0.062440	0.071745	0.080832	0.090096	0.099752	0.109433	0.118808	0.125689	0.131785	1.072749e-06
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.227935	0.291169	0.341260	0.387390	0.433286	0.479302	0.524788	0.566601	0.593917	0.619920	0.000000e+00
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.056022	0.071909	0.083935	0.094656	0.104907	0.114922	0.124649	0.133618	0.140133	0.146102	0.000000e+00
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.041974	0.051234	0.059151	0.067223	0.075539	0.083952	0.092761	0.100843	0.106377	0.111404	8.514015e-07
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.041661	0.052315	0.061050	0.069422	0.077913	0.086881	0.096291	0.105112	0.111310	0.116706	8.514015e-07
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.249095	0.312792	0.365273	0.417116	0.469693	0.523502	0.577336	0.626396	0.658735	0.689904	0.000000e+00
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.044027	0.057358	0.067489	0.076328	0.084653	0.092772	0.100760	0.108093	0.113233	0.117939	0.000000e+00
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.035566	0.044421	0.051699	0.059127	0.066988	0.075149	0.083402	0.090872	0.095884	0.100390	6.023157e-06
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.035020	0.044698	0.052463	0.060252	0.068357	0.076641	0.085067	0.092907	0.098415	0.103154	6.023157e-06
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.184318	0.241172	0.286170	0.328169	0.369928	0.412205	0.455188	0.494651	0.520963	0.545040	0.000000e+00
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.035179	0.046998	0.056181	0.063961	0.071067	0.077835	0.084421	0.090423	0.094790	0.098805	0.000000e+00
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.028566	0.036786	0.043456	0.049962	0.056731	0.063689	0.070773	0.077302	0.081799	0.085826	2.812068e-06
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.027159	0.035664	0.042427	0.049004	0.055743	0.062659	0.069620	0.076117	0.080832	0.085003	2.812068e-06
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.155233	0.208178	0.250229	0.288351	0.325528	0.362930	0.400666	0.435302	0.458536	0.479666	0.000000e+00
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.030146	0.040656	0.048918	0.055878	0.062192	0.068167	0.073934	0.079192	0.083090	0.086661	0.000000e+00
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.026572	0.034627	0.041137	0.047352	0.053718	0.060220	0.066807	0.072935	0.077219	0.081091	2.340138e-06
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.024935	0.033169	0.039748	0.045962	0.052253	0.058713	0.065219	0.071307	0.075789	0.079787	2.340138e-06
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.121883	0.169770	0.206947	0.239138	0.269188	0.298644	0.327987	0.354982	0.373406	0.390153	0.000000e+00
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.024309	0.032917	0.039728	0.045351	0.050295	0.054868	0.059204	0.063140	0.066124	0.068840	0.000000e+00
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.023863	0.032069	0.038479	0.044245	0.049841	0.055392	0.060939	0.066102	0.069857	0.073271	2.798286e-06
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.022207	0.030536	0.036982	0.042736	0.048299	0.053832	0.059328	0.064484	0.068351	0.071863	2.798286e-06

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	22.174007	27.812939	32.106972	35.510811	38.287445	40.680992	42.85836	44.643784	46.067062	47.400204	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.043615	0.058770	0.072179	0.085218	0.098243	0.111096	0.123815	0.135744	0.145474	0.154593	2.099131e-06
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.040422	0.053329	0.064790	0.075881	0.086999	0.098079	0.108902	0.119033	0.126807	0.133841	7.869520e-07

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	4.406913	9.023582	13.921636	19.301594	25.242643	31.745136	38.778633	46.223434	53.918159