Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.6.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open LangYa 1 degree interpolated challenger forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.langya_1_degree()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 11GB
Dimensions:                          (first_day_datetime: 52,
                                      lead_day_index: 7, depth: 32,
                                      latitude: 170, longitude: 360)
Coordinates:
  * depth                            (depth) float32 128B 0.494 1.541 ... 541.1
  * lead_day_index                   (lead_day_index) int64 56B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
  * first_day_datetime               (first_day_datetime) datetime64[ns] 416B ...
  * latitude                         (latitude) float64 1kB -79.5 -78.5 ... 89.5
  * longitude                        (longitude) float64 3kB -179.5 ... 179.5
Data variables:
    sea_water_salinity               (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_water_potential_temperature  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    eastward_sea_water_velocity      (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    northward_sea_water_velocity     (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_surface_height_above_geoid   (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 89MB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:                   CF-1.8
    challenger:                    langya
    forecast_reference_time:       2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:        challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:        langya
    oceanbench_source_resolution:  one_degree

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 7
  • depth: 32
  • latitude: 170
  • longitude: 360
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 1.541 2.646 ... 453.9 541.1

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940250e-01, 1.541375e+00, 2.645669e+00, 3.819495e+00, 5.078224e+00,
           6.440614e+00, 7.929560e+00, 9.572997e+00, 1.140500e+01, 1.346714e+01,
           1.581007e+01, 1.849556e+01, 2.159882e+01, 2.521141e+01, 2.944473e+01,
           3.443415e+01, 4.034405e+01, 4.737369e+01, 5.576429e+01, 6.580727e+01,
           7.785385e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02], dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[ns]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -79.5 -78.5 -77.5 ... 88.5 89.5

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           -69.5, -68.5, -67.5, -66.5, -65.5, -64.5, -63.5, -62.5, -61.5, -60.5,
           -59.5, -58.5, -57.5, -56.5, -55.5, -54.5, -53.5, -52.5, -51.5, -50.5,
           -49.5, -48.5, -47.5, -46.5, -45.5, -44.5, -43.5, -42.5, -41.5, -40.5,
           -39.5, -38.5, -37.5, -36.5, -35.5, -34.5, -33.5, -32.5, -31.5, -30.5,
           -29.5, -28.5, -27.5, -26.5, -25.5, -24.5, -23.5, -22.5, -21.5, -20.5,
           -19.5, -18.5, -17.5, -16.5, -15.5, -14.5, -13.5, -12.5, -11.5, -10.5,
            -9.5,  -8.5,  -7.5,  -6.5,  -5.5,  -4.5,  -3.5,  -2.5,  -1.5,  -0.5,
             0.5,   1.5,   2.5,   3.5,   4.5,   5.5,   6.5,   7.5,   8.5,   9.5,
            10.5,  11.5,  12.5,  13.5,  14.5,  15.5,  16.5,  17.5,  18.5,  19.5,
            20.5,  21.5,  22.5,  23.5,  24.5,  25.5,  26.5,  27.5,  28.5,  29.5,
            30.5,  31.5,  32.5,  33.5,  34.5,  35.5,  36.5,  37.5,  38.5,  39.5,
            40.5,  41.5,  42.5,  43.5,  44.5,  45.5,  46.5,  47.5,  48.5,  49.5,
            50.5,  51.5,  52.5,  53.5,  54.5,  55.5,  56.5,  57.5,  58.5,  59.5,
            60.5,  61.5,  62.5,  63.5,  64.5,  65.5,  66.5,  67.5,  68.5,  69.5,
            70.5,  71.5,  72.5,  73.5,  74.5,  75.5,  76.5,  77.5,  78.5,  79.5,
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    -179.5 -178.5 ... 178.5 179.5

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, ...,  177.5,  178.5,  179.5], shape=(360,))

• Data variables: (5)
  • sea_water_salinity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.66 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 7, 32, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11648 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_water_potential_temperature
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.66 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 7, 32, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11648 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • eastward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.66 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 7, 32, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11648 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • northward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.66 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 7, 32, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11648 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_surface_height_above_geoid
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 84.98 MiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 7, 170, 360) (1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 364 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,  1.5413750410079956,  2.6456689834594727,
            3.8194949626922607,   5.078224182128906,   6.440614223480225,
              7.92956018447876,   9.572997093200684,  11.404999732971191,
            13.467140197753906,  15.810070037841797,  18.495559692382812,
            21.598819732666016,  25.211410522460938,  29.444730758666992,
             34.43415069580078,  40.344051361083984,   47.37369155883789,
             55.76428985595703,   65.80726623535156,   77.85385131835938,
              92.3260726928711,  109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,
            155.85069274902344,  186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,
             266.0403137207031,   318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,
             453.9377136230469,   541.0889282226562],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           ...
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5],
          dtype='float64', name='latitude', length=170))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, -176.5, -175.5, -174.5, -173.5, -172.5, -171.5,
           -170.5,
           ...
            170.5,  171.5,  172.5,  173.5,  174.5,  175.5,  176.5,  177.5,  178.5,
            179.5],
          dtype='float64', name='longitude', length=360))

• Attributes: (6)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  langya

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  langya

  oceanbench_source_resolution :

  one_degree

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.071948	0.073765	0.072682	0.073612	0.074616	0.078301	0.080895	0.000747
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.687480	0.670944	0.575140	0.587761	0.600578	0.649180	0.708023	0.000747
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.600089	0.604544	0.606790	0.611031	0.614765	0.620610	0.625717	0.000747
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.134074	0.133320	0.132901	0.133077	0.132954	0.143294	0.148436	0.000747
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.138145	0.138420	0.138858	0.139207	0.139345	0.148425	0.153071	0.000747
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.949769	0.949542	0.918200	0.921442	0.923561	0.967363	1.000948	0.000872
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.252484	0.253597	0.253272	0.254044	0.254956	0.258132	0.260607	0.000872
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.121127	0.120552	0.122053	0.121915	0.121640	0.130155	0.134431	0.000872
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.123826	0.123997	0.125754	0.125688	0.125349	0.132579	0.136632	0.000872
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	1.110214	1.110665	1.107782	1.112947	1.116796	1.152960	1.178341	0.000803
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.199223	0.199458	0.199544	0.200021	0.200618	0.202523	0.203754	0.000803
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.117517	0.117066	0.118722	0.118504	0.118017	0.124952	0.128469	0.000803
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.123848	0.123787	0.125143	0.124794	0.124404	0.130533	0.133538	0.000803
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.914620	0.915095	0.917048	0.918596	0.920715	0.936560	0.946413	0.000760
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.162880	0.162960	0.163108	0.163333	0.163710	0.165058	0.165936	0.000760
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.114515	0.114470	0.116353	0.115893	0.115146	0.118820	0.120097	0.000760
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.121401	0.121387	0.123191	0.122410	0.121532	0.125276	0.126291	0.000760
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.771622	0.771739	0.773725	0.774894	0.776624	0.789840	0.797457	0.000694
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.135670	0.135673	0.135832	0.136012	0.136331	0.137494	0.138267	0.000694
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.111979	0.111920	0.113826	0.113260	0.112484	0.115723	0.116635	0.000694
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.116958	0.116945	0.118780	0.118014	0.117147	0.120258	0.120952	0.000694
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.592971	0.593515	0.596164	0.597853	0.599917	0.609426	0.616115	0.000489
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.102772	0.102825	0.103059	0.103332	0.103633	0.104350	0.104985	0.000489
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.102715	0.102751	0.104296	0.103679	0.102945	0.105835	0.106528	0.000489
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.107604	0.107644	0.109259	0.108646	0.107997	0.110294	0.110718	0.000489

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	41.291308	40.01926	37.16298	38.086579	38.861559	40.343104	41.573646	0.000747

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.051985	0.052166	0.051300	0.052226	0.053115	0.058562	0.062807	0.00124
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.044632	0.044938	0.043688	0.044627	0.045473	0.049467	0.053026	0.00112

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Observations	Missing
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.890847	0.884141	0.772641	0.802326	0.820740	0.888689	0.927382	150081	2136
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.878780	0.875398	0.814890	0.842844	0.837261	0.897761	0.946205	80763	1863
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.953783	0.927776	0.891335	0.917417	0.895464	0.942936	0.972605	1334564	49146
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.830988	0.836340	0.824115	0.825839	0.842526	0.843273	0.873598	2117343	97132
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.581918	0.586489	0.574071	0.586630	0.590431	0.604805	0.614235	2622487	113128
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.249767	0.277909	0.273108	0.307524	0.271858	0.280275	0.278243	68940	1620
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.193084	0.195931	0.199908	0.198114	0.201299	0.202496	0.206742	1136708	45099
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.128778	0.129156	0.129400	0.128116	0.131023	0.130292	0.136764	1803408	90308
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.082632	0.083454	0.081274	0.084277	0.084424	0.085125	0.087276	2225476	103364
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.053529	0.054805	0.053150	0.054543	0.055604	0.059340	0.061578	15390586	473474
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.134887	0.136529	0.137288	0.137748	0.136885	0.137599	0.141002	1202530	11144
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.126498	0.126102	0.125698	0.126930	0.127227	0.129698	0.133021	1202530	11144

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	11.388031	20.593201	28.646191	36.22858	43.581596	50.956882

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.029426	0.034085	0.033044	0.036850	0.040617	0.049359	0.053804	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.458592	0.461160	0.352515	0.398512	0.438594	0.525644	0.601575	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.120477	0.174180	0.205199	0.230262	0.248669	0.269380	0.286184	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.103800	0.101247	0.089270	0.096241	0.102972	0.127020	0.139182	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.102081	0.102814	0.092444	0.099560	0.106719	0.129067	0.141545	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.416846	0.476364	0.474713	0.523163	0.569076	0.665146	0.733975	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.066336	0.091048	0.106971	0.120720	0.132368	0.146191	0.156151	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.081190	0.079151	0.071135	0.077911	0.084394	0.108323	0.120140	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.076308	0.077738	0.072933	0.079682	0.086385	0.107942	0.119473	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.404094	0.474779	0.499575	0.558604	0.613747	0.722472	0.799473	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.053212	0.073631	0.088674	0.101318	0.111629	0.122986	0.130903	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.071644	0.071064	0.065093	0.071579	0.078105	0.100169	0.111212	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.067263	0.070521	0.068583	0.075348	0.081857	0.100978	0.111074	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.275924	0.332956	0.371650	0.424670	0.471643	0.551338	0.602094	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.040538	0.057766	0.070921	0.081902	0.090861	0.100488	0.107508	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.057475	0.057649	0.053562	0.059722	0.065811	0.084423	0.094007	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.051446	0.053804	0.053172	0.059562	0.065641	0.082242	0.090700	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.225715	0.278470	0.318903	0.366514	0.407997	0.476391	0.519064	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.033423	0.048320	0.059764	0.069061	0.076680	0.084893	0.091004	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.052961	0.053505	0.050274	0.056327	0.062256	0.079511	0.088599	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.047133	0.049286	0.048690	0.054907	0.060741	0.076217	0.084368	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.160161	0.209996	0.250015	0.290490	0.325378	0.376133	0.410311	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.023423	0.035405	0.044662	0.052053	0.058034	0.063770	0.068381	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.044449	0.046846	0.046342	0.052303	0.057887	0.071424	0.079192	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.038814	0.042903	0.044912	0.051042	0.056599	0.068493	0.075307	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	32.072664	31.470548	27.144631	29.338532	31.048488	33.517604	36.275939	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.027892	0.027673	0.023652	0.027433	0.031369	0.043394	0.051306	0.0
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.024837	0.025337	0.021133	0.024340	0.027710	0.036940	0.043750	0.0

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	7.982865	13.609844	18.044201	22.775051	27.896444	33.791603