Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.2.1'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open HClimRep (WeatherGenerator) 1 degree interpolated challenger forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.hclimrep_1_degree()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 5GB
Dimensions:                          (first_day_datetime: 52,
                                      lead_day_index: 10, depth: 9,
                                      latitude: 168, longitude: 360)
Coordinates:
  * depth                            (depth) float64 72B 0.494 47.37 ... 541.1
  * lead_day_index                   (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 ... 7 8 9
  * first_day_datetime               (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B ...
  * latitude                         (latitude) float64 1kB -77.5 -76.5 ... 89.5
  * longitude                        (longitude) float64 3kB -179.5 ... 179.5
Data variables:
    sea_water_salinity               (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 1GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_water_potential_temperature  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 1GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    eastward_sea_water_velocity      (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 1GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    northward_sea_water_velocity     (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 1GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_surface_height_above_geoid   (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 126MB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    oceanbench_reference_depth_grid_rounding_decimals:  3
    oceanbench_reference_target_depths_m:               [0.494, 47.374, 92.32...
    source:                                             WeatherGenerator infe...
    title:                                              WeatherGenerator GLOR...
    oceanbench_source_kind:                             challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:                             hclimrep
    oceanbench_source_resolution:                       one_degree

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 9
  • latitude: 168
  • longitude: 360
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float64
    0.494 47.37 92.33 ... 453.9 541.1

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.94025e-01, 4.73737e+01, 9.23261e+01, 1.55851e+02, 2.22475e+02,
           3.18127e+02, 3.80213e+02, 4.53938e+02, 5.41089e+02])

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -77.5 -76.5 -75.5 ... 88.5 89.5

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5, -69.5, -68.5,
           -67.5, -66.5, -65.5, -64.5, -63.5, -62.5, -61.5, -60.5, -59.5, -58.5,
           -57.5, -56.5, -55.5, -54.5, -53.5, -52.5, -51.5, -50.5, -49.5, -48.5,
           -47.5, -46.5, -45.5, -44.5, -43.5, -42.5, -41.5, -40.5, -39.5, -38.5,
           -37.5, -36.5, -35.5, -34.5, -33.5, -32.5, -31.5, -30.5, -29.5, -28.5,
           -27.5, -26.5, -25.5, -24.5, -23.5, -22.5, -21.5, -20.5, -19.5, -18.5,
           -17.5, -16.5, -15.5, -14.5, -13.5, -12.5, -11.5, -10.5,  -9.5,  -8.5,
            -7.5,  -6.5,  -5.5,  -4.5,  -3.5,  -2.5,  -1.5,  -0.5,   0.5,   1.5,
             2.5,   3.5,   4.5,   5.5,   6.5,   7.5,   8.5,   9.5,  10.5,  11.5,
            12.5,  13.5,  14.5,  15.5,  16.5,  17.5,  18.5,  19.5,  20.5,  21.5,
            22.5,  23.5,  24.5,  25.5,  26.5,  27.5,  28.5,  29.5,  30.5,  31.5,
            32.5,  33.5,  34.5,  35.5,  36.5,  37.5,  38.5,  39.5,  40.5,  41.5,
            42.5,  43.5,  44.5,  45.5,  46.5,  47.5,  48.5,  49.5,  50.5,  51.5,
            52.5,  53.5,  54.5,  55.5,  56.5,  57.5,  58.5,  59.5,  60.5,  61.5,
            62.5,  63.5,  64.5,  65.5,  66.5,  67.5,  68.5,  69.5,  70.5,  71.5,
            72.5,  73.5,  74.5,  75.5,  76.5,  77.5,  78.5,  79.5,  80.5,  81.5,
            82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    -179.5 -178.5 ... 178.5 179.5

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, ...,  177.5,  178.5,  179.5], shape=(360,))

• Data variables: (5)
  • sea_water_salinity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 1.05 GiB 236.25 kiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 168, 360) (1, 1, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_water_potential_temperature
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 1.05 GiB 236.25 kiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 168, 360) (1, 1, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • eastward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 1.05 GiB 236.25 kiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 168, 360) (1, 1, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • northward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 1.05 GiB 236.25 kiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 168, 360) (1, 1, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_surface_height_above_geoid
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 119.97 MiB 236.25 kiB Shape (52, 10, 168, 360) (1, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 520 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.494025,  47.3737,  92.3261,  155.851,  222.475,  318.127,  380.213,
            453.938,  541.089],
          dtype='float64', name='depth'))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5, -69.5, -68.5,
           ...
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5],
          dtype='float64', name='latitude', length=168))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, -176.5, -175.5, -174.5, -173.5, -172.5, -171.5,
           -170.5,
           ...
            170.5,  171.5,  172.5,  173.5,  174.5,  175.5,  176.5,  177.5,  178.5,
            179.5],
          dtype='float64', name='longitude', length=360))

• Attributes: (7)

  oceanbench_reference_depth_grid_rounding_decimals :

  3

  oceanbench_reference_target_depths_m :

  [0.494, 47.374, 92.326, 155.851, 222.475, 318.127, 380.213, 453.938, 541.089]

  source :

  WeatherGenerator inference, stream GLORYS

  title :

  WeatherGenerator GLORYS forecast (OceanBench challenger)

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  hclimrep

  oceanbench_source_resolution :

  one_degree

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.057348	0.056116	0.055557	0.056141	0.056789	0.057802	0.058652	0.059955	0.060395	0.061163	0.005707
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.567664	0.569722	0.569639	0.575141	0.581719	0.590762	0.604808	0.618092	0.628069	0.639008	0.005707
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.394542	0.387727	0.383644	0.381362	0.379838	0.378539	0.378068	0.377564	0.376610	0.376701	0.005707
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.113441	0.115221	0.117318	0.118996	0.120346	0.121576	0.123145	0.124601	0.125112	0.125780	0.005707
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.113650	0.115921	0.118317	0.120360	0.122148	0.123771	0.125588	0.127291	0.128119	0.128813	0.005707
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.802360	0.793172	0.783750	0.779214	0.775249	0.776432	0.782680	0.791352	0.794233	0.800782	0.001888
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.204400	0.202645	0.201119	0.200175	0.199380	0.198890	0.198901	0.198907	0.198607	0.198624	0.001888
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.106188	0.106169	0.106533	0.107016	0.107640	0.108412	0.109465	0.110600	0.110980	0.111515	0.001888
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.106526	0.106394	0.106663	0.107123	0.107660	0.108471	0.109722	0.111006	0.111549	0.112218	0.001888
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.948674	0.937932	0.931151	0.927737	0.923029	0.922741	0.925577	0.929586	0.929205	0.933141	0.001352
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.166724	0.165371	0.164361	0.163819	0.163412	0.162964	0.162850	0.162698	0.162188	0.161875	0.001352
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.102502	0.102037	0.101991	0.102105	0.102334	0.102755	0.103477	0.104257	0.104424	0.104728	0.001352
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.107103	0.106504	0.106220	0.106062	0.106081	0.106275	0.106873	0.107737	0.108056	0.108485	0.001352
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.770534	0.766452	0.762683	0.760192	0.758030	0.757003	0.757541	0.758493	0.756235	0.757103	0.000781
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.137399	0.136356	0.135554	0.134884	0.134303	0.133662	0.133271	0.132765	0.131914	0.131317	0.000781
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.097659	0.097019	0.096754	0.096575	0.096357	0.096178	0.096244	0.096225	0.096024	0.095905	0.000781
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.104410	0.103325	0.102864	0.102378	0.102010	0.101741	0.101642	0.101641	0.101292	0.101165	0.000781
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.642539	0.634488	0.629617	0.627679	0.626030	0.625346	0.626614	0.628555	0.627229	0.627518	0.000566
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.112781	0.111864	0.111033	0.110387	0.109802	0.109070	0.108603	0.108125	0.107265	0.106714	0.000566
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.093794	0.093201	0.092914	0.092606	0.092292	0.091982	0.091881	0.091705	0.091328	0.091121	0.000566
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.098779	0.098033	0.097733	0.097357	0.097055	0.096812	0.096714	0.096610	0.096311	0.096188	0.000566
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.495432	0.489471	0.486391	0.485490	0.484422	0.483698	0.485153	0.486918	0.486025	0.486703	0.000299
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.084531	0.083829	0.083219	0.082819	0.082411	0.081921	0.081590	0.081240	0.080526	0.080138	0.000299
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.082841	0.082299	0.081940	0.081528	0.081150	0.080762	0.080517	0.080179	0.079783	0.079521	0.000299
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.087641	0.086983	0.086613	0.086197	0.085855	0.085535	0.085349	0.085122	0.084777	0.084601	0.000299

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	52.270917	51.94879	51.985587	52.101967	52.304929	52.453469	52.47157	52.400443	52.272844	52.34397	0.005707

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.052618	0.052588	0.052902	0.053337	0.054001	0.054877	0.056024	0.057210	0.057861	0.058552	0.005007
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.044919	0.045054	0.045402	0.045906	0.046575	0.047371	0.048473	0.049618	0.050313	0.051073	0.005131

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Observations	Missing
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.791837	0.829935	0.795954	0.818072	0.835840	0.879272	0.885557	0.894896	0.924112	0.894999	150081	1676
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.822576	0.827941	0.850619	0.865749	0.870713	0.884731	0.909612	0.879857	0.887049	0.922281	80763	1646
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	1.038664	1.025932	1.018816	1.035594	1.029320	1.038102	1.059906	1.057101	1.063643	1.076871	1334564	30066
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.877428	0.878202	0.875998	0.885534	0.899751	0.890455	0.915225	0.915358	0.926996	0.934718	2117343	34168
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.591275	0.596555	0.591558	0.599964	0.603349	0.606452	0.619753	0.616630	0.624626	0.627744	2622487	25750
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.240289	0.263937	0.263030	0.280553	0.258135	0.263398	0.259433	0.246794	0.278001	0.282354	68940	1427
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.194931	0.197636	0.206520	0.197025	0.200706	0.205262	0.203493	0.197915	0.204296	0.215097	1136708	28273
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.129170	0.129388	0.130455	0.128906	0.130983	0.128371	0.135777	0.131725	0.133743	0.137163	1803408	32275
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.080798	0.080702	0.079515	0.080860	0.080974	0.080256	0.083081	0.082481	0.082454	0.083711	2225476	24198
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.060583	0.062261	0.063812	0.064957	0.066488	0.067664	0.069029	0.069781	0.071444	0.072314	15390586	525965
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.124706	0.126803	0.129812	0.130570	0.130959	0.130224	0.131830	0.133444	0.134635	0.136323	1202530	6522
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.117621	0.119108	0.120818	0.122870	0.123956	0.124990	0.126580	0.127244	0.127925	0.128826	1202530	6522

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	9.273802	17.150684	24.241833	30.868055	37.180992	43.28167	49.243099	55.095966	60.842373

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.039468	0.043241	0.046536	0.049014	0.052147	0.054726	0.057168	0.059445	0.061057	0.062121	0.005499
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.433980	0.440502	0.452406	0.469796	0.488977	0.509693	0.532847	0.555493	0.570109	0.586012	0.005499
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.349866	0.357698	0.365059	0.372856	0.379532	0.388031	0.397198	0.406465	0.413902	0.421007	0.005499
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.073107	0.081235	0.088459	0.095070	0.101280	0.106896	0.113130	0.118313	0.121016	0.123390	0.005499
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.075558	0.084316	0.091429	0.097982	0.104289	0.110453	0.116229	0.121970	0.125284	0.127726	0.005499
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.571499	0.581349	0.593955	0.610781	0.634050	0.660638	0.687139	0.711476	0.726932	0.741000	0.001789
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.147082	0.151476	0.154327	0.157455	0.161482	0.166159	0.170599	0.174767	0.177642	0.180211	0.001789
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.065408	0.069069	0.073327	0.078120	0.083317	0.088827	0.094704	0.100043	0.102943	0.105453	0.001789
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.068085	0.071781	0.075828	0.080505	0.085559	0.091081	0.096959	0.102291	0.105524	0.108200	0.001789
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.595602	0.604252	0.618039	0.638687	0.667339	0.698155	0.731215	0.761986	0.782081	0.798773	0.001297
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.111470	0.113029	0.114715	0.116959	0.119909	0.123293	0.126896	0.130369	0.132509	0.134526	0.001297
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.064238	0.066917	0.070178	0.074148	0.078789	0.083794	0.089039	0.093883	0.096629	0.098865	0.001297
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.066739	0.069386	0.072435	0.076266	0.080629	0.085462	0.090575	0.095419	0.098512	0.101070	0.001297
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.467990	0.473800	0.485697	0.503447	0.524133	0.546892	0.573382	0.598683	0.614656	0.628729	0.000803
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.081108	0.082281	0.083898	0.086256	0.089085	0.092296	0.095878	0.099214	0.101439	0.103465	0.000803
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.059083	0.061227	0.063823	0.067224	0.071201	0.075523	0.080043	0.084280	0.086765	0.088853	0.000803
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.059223	0.061509	0.064182	0.067477	0.071197	0.075378	0.079687	0.083869	0.086586	0.088943	0.000803
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.400945	0.411513	0.424010	0.438096	0.455551	0.475420	0.497624	0.518554	0.532268	0.543948	0.000514
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.069153	0.070172	0.071822	0.073912	0.076421	0.079305	0.082303	0.085139	0.087102	0.088881	0.000514
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.057545	0.059393	0.061760	0.064932	0.068684	0.072741	0.076970	0.081016	0.083442	0.085480	0.000514
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.057491	0.059417	0.061749	0.064754	0.068193	0.072047	0.076057	0.079961	0.082468	0.084678	0.000514
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.335469	0.340679	0.347746	0.356740	0.369553	0.385021	0.401481	0.417713	0.428090	0.437250	0.000299
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.055079	0.055599	0.056414	0.057628	0.059202	0.061069	0.063108	0.065113	0.066441	0.067662	0.000299
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.057347	0.058686	0.060404	0.062811	0.065642	0.068777	0.072154	0.075393	0.077421	0.079112	0.000299
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.056621	0.058091	0.059841	0.062121	0.064798	0.067837	0.071016	0.074167	0.076307	0.078160	0.000299

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	48.771926	49.069322	49.469174	49.635698	49.940443	50.13858	50.283138	50.192656	50.226593	50.052037	0.005499

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.036924	0.036858	0.037673	0.038957	0.040814	0.043151	0.045984	0.048814	0.050219	0.051481	0.004751
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.031529	0.031686	0.032446	0.033678	0.035358	0.037339	0.039760	0.042249	0.043557	0.044728	0.004972

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	6.214264	11.784966	16.960621	21.972795	26.960161	32.013336	37.186199	42.473476	47.81155