Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.6.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open HClimRep (WeatherGenerator) 1 degree interpolated challenger forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.hclimrep_1_degree()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 5GB
Dimensions:                          (first_day_datetime: 52,
                                      lead_day_index: 10, depth: 9,
                                      latitude: 168, longitude: 360)
Coordinates:
  * depth                            (depth) float64 72B 0.494 47.37 ... 541.1
  * lead_day_index                   (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 ... 7 8 9
  * first_day_datetime               (first_day_datetime) datetime64[ns] 416B ...
  * latitude                         (latitude) float64 1kB -77.5 -76.5 ... 89.5
  * longitude                        (longitude) float64 3kB -179.5 ... 179.5
Data variables:
    sea_water_salinity               (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 1GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_water_potential_temperature  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 1GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    eastward_sea_water_velocity      (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 1GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    northward_sea_water_velocity     (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 1GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_surface_height_above_geoid   (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 126MB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:                                        CF-1.8
    area:                                               Global
    challenger:                                         hclimrep
    institution:                                        ECMWF
    oceanbench_reference_depth_grid_rounding_decimals:  3
    oceanbench_reference_target_depths_m:               [0.494, 47.374, 92.32...
    references:                                         https://huggingface.c...
    source:                                             WeatherGenerator infe...
    title:                                              WeatherGenerator GLOR...
    oceanbench_source_kind:                             challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:                             hclimrep
    oceanbench_source_resolution:                       one_degree

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 9
  • latitude: 168
  • longitude: 360
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float64
    0.494 47.37 92.33 ... 453.9 541.1

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.94025e-01, 4.73737e+01, 9.23261e+01, 1.55851e+02, 2.22475e+02,
           3.18127e+02, 3.80213e+02, 4.53938e+02, 5.41089e+02])

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[ns]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -77.5 -76.5 -75.5 ... 88.5 89.5

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5, -69.5, -68.5,
           -67.5, -66.5, -65.5, -64.5, -63.5, -62.5, -61.5, -60.5, -59.5, -58.5,
           -57.5, -56.5, -55.5, -54.5, -53.5, -52.5, -51.5, -50.5, -49.5, -48.5,
           -47.5, -46.5, -45.5, -44.5, -43.5, -42.5, -41.5, -40.5, -39.5, -38.5,
           -37.5, -36.5, -35.5, -34.5, -33.5, -32.5, -31.5, -30.5, -29.5, -28.5,
           -27.5, -26.5, -25.5, -24.5, -23.5, -22.5, -21.5, -20.5, -19.5, -18.5,
           -17.5, -16.5, -15.5, -14.5, -13.5, -12.5, -11.5, -10.5,  -9.5,  -8.5,
            -7.5,  -6.5,  -5.5,  -4.5,  -3.5,  -2.5,  -1.5,  -0.5,   0.5,   1.5,
             2.5,   3.5,   4.5,   5.5,   6.5,   7.5,   8.5,   9.5,  10.5,  11.5,
            12.5,  13.5,  14.5,  15.5,  16.5,  17.5,  18.5,  19.5,  20.5,  21.5,
            22.5,  23.5,  24.5,  25.5,  26.5,  27.5,  28.5,  29.5,  30.5,  31.5,
            32.5,  33.5,  34.5,  35.5,  36.5,  37.5,  38.5,  39.5,  40.5,  41.5,
            42.5,  43.5,  44.5,  45.5,  46.5,  47.5,  48.5,  49.5,  50.5,  51.5,
            52.5,  53.5,  54.5,  55.5,  56.5,  57.5,  58.5,  59.5,  60.5,  61.5,
            62.5,  63.5,  64.5,  65.5,  66.5,  67.5,  68.5,  69.5,  70.5,  71.5,
            72.5,  73.5,  74.5,  75.5,  76.5,  77.5,  78.5,  79.5,  80.5,  81.5,
            82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    -179.5 -178.5 ... 178.5 179.5

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, ...,  177.5,  178.5,  179.5], shape=(360,))

• Data variables: (5)
  • sea_water_salinity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 1.05 GiB 236.25 kiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 168, 360) (1, 1, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_water_potential_temperature
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 1.05 GiB 236.25 kiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 168, 360) (1, 1, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • eastward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 1.05 GiB 236.25 kiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 168, 360) (1, 1, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • northward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 1.05 GiB 236.25 kiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 168, 360) (1, 1, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_surface_height_above_geoid
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 119.97 MiB 236.25 kiB Shape (52, 10, 168, 360) (1, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 520 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.494025,  47.3737,  92.3261,  155.851,  222.475,  318.127,  380.213,
            453.938,  541.089],
          dtype='float64', name='depth'))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5, -69.5, -68.5,
           ...
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5],
          dtype='float64', name='latitude', length=168))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, -176.5, -175.5, -174.5, -173.5, -172.5, -171.5,
           -170.5,
           ...
            170.5,  171.5,  172.5,  173.5,  174.5,  175.5,  176.5,  177.5,  178.5,
            179.5],
          dtype='float64', name='longitude', length=360))

• Attributes: (12)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  area :

  Global

  challenger :

  hclimrep

  institution :

  ECMWF

  oceanbench_reference_depth_grid_rounding_decimals :

  3

  oceanbench_reference_target_depths_m :

  [0.494, 47.374, 92.326, 155.851, 222.475, 318.127, 380.213, 453.938, 541.089]

  references :

  https://huggingface.co/datasets/kacpnowak/hclimrep-ocean-oceanbench

  source :

  WeatherGenerator inference, stream GLORYS

  title :

  WeatherGenerator GLORYS forecast (OceanBench challenger)

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  hclimrep

  oceanbench_source_resolution :

  one_degree

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.057350	0.056105	0.055552	0.056138	0.056782	0.057799	0.058646	0.059951	0.060394	0.061167	0.005707
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.567251	0.569509	0.569414	0.574948	0.581637	0.590738	0.604802	0.618211	0.628313	0.639263	0.005707
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.394595	0.387857	0.383906	0.381633	0.380138	0.378771	0.378239	0.377670	0.376667	0.376720	0.005707
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.113392	0.115183	0.117276	0.118960	0.120313	0.121558	0.123137	0.124596	0.125115	0.125772	0.005707
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.113529	0.115820	0.118247	0.120315	0.122123	0.123739	0.125549	0.127246	0.128086	0.128792	0.005707
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.801906	0.792712	0.783450	0.778957	0.775111	0.776324	0.782562	0.791275	0.794252	0.800927	0.001888
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.204404	0.202636	0.201109	0.200160	0.199366	0.198878	0.198881	0.198886	0.198592	0.198614	0.001888
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.106182	0.106159	0.106513	0.107003	0.107632	0.108407	0.109455	0.110587	0.110967	0.111503	0.001888
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.106515	0.106382	0.106648	0.107100	0.107637	0.108453	0.109701	0.110985	0.111528	0.112198	0.001888
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.948695	0.937780	0.931083	0.927663	0.922871	0.922538	0.925375	0.929461	0.929056	0.932980	0.001352
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.166753	0.165386	0.164363	0.163820	0.163410	0.162964	0.162848	0.162688	0.162179	0.161865	0.001352
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.102504	0.102038	0.101989	0.102100	0.102329	0.102751	0.103472	0.104256	0.104422	0.104725	0.001352
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.107112	0.106511	0.106224	0.106066	0.106087	0.106283	0.106879	0.107735	0.108053	0.108479	0.001352
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.770507	0.766379	0.762608	0.760097	0.757905	0.756893	0.757437	0.758361	0.756101	0.756974	0.000781
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.137408	0.136364	0.135562	0.134886	0.134302	0.133658	0.133271	0.132758	0.131914	0.131315	0.000781
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.097662	0.097021	0.096755	0.096575	0.096357	0.096181	0.096246	0.096229	0.096028	0.095908	0.000781
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.104418	0.103332	0.102869	0.102385	0.102017	0.101746	0.101648	0.101643	0.101295	0.101169	0.000781
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.642527	0.634428	0.629587	0.627650	0.626020	0.625335	0.626600	0.628506	0.627182	0.627467	0.000566
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.112785	0.111868	0.111038	0.110392	0.109806	0.109071	0.108608	0.108124	0.107268	0.106715	0.000566
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.093798	0.093205	0.092917	0.092608	0.092295	0.091986	0.091885	0.091710	0.091333	0.091124	0.000566
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.098787	0.098040	0.097738	0.097363	0.097061	0.096818	0.096722	0.096616	0.096318	0.096194	0.000566
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.495399	0.489478	0.486414	0.485490	0.484415	0.483689	0.485149	0.486897	0.486016	0.486681	0.000299
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.084531	0.083832	0.083227	0.082821	0.082414	0.081920	0.081589	0.081236	0.080525	0.080135	0.000299
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.082844	0.082302	0.081943	0.081530	0.081153	0.080766	0.080520	0.080183	0.079787	0.079525	0.000299
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.087641	0.086984	0.086613	0.086198	0.085857	0.085538	0.085354	0.085124	0.084779	0.084604	0.000299

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	52.238994	51.942249	51.985102	52.091204	52.28373	52.452828	52.44837	52.380082	52.246327	52.319495	0.005707

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.052609	0.052591	0.052903	0.053334	0.054004	0.054881	0.056016	0.057207	0.057859	0.058553	0.005007
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.044903	0.045044	0.045403	0.045900	0.046577	0.047374	0.048465	0.049618	0.050313	0.051070	0.005131

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Observations	Missing
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.791775	0.829898	0.795734	0.817738	0.835614	0.879147	0.885348	0.894698	0.924182	0.895086	150081	1676
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.821923	0.827340	0.850364	0.865248	0.870287	0.884215	0.908613	0.879855	0.886697	0.921978	80763	1646
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	1.038615	1.025637	1.019053	1.035490	1.029043	1.038080	1.059908	1.057223	1.063632	1.076698	1334564	30066
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.877655	0.878252	0.876006	0.885604	0.899859	0.890566	0.915342	0.915325	0.927010	0.934668	2117343	34168
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.591287	0.596630	0.591571	0.599910	0.603317	0.606539	0.619724	0.616629	0.624690	0.627659	2622487	25750
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.240164	0.264207	0.263415	0.281347	0.258102	0.263256	0.259240	0.246824	0.278025	0.282443	68940	1427
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.194923	0.197684	0.206640	0.197069	0.200720	0.205092	0.203492	0.197932	0.204307	0.215080	1136708	28273
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.129209	0.129408	0.130473	0.128919	0.130986	0.128371	0.135758	0.131740	0.133745	0.137144	1803408	32275
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.080801	0.080715	0.079513	0.080857	0.080983	0.080278	0.083083	0.082502	0.082450	0.083693	2225476	24198
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.060574	0.062259	0.063802	0.064960	0.066491	0.067667	0.069035	0.069800	0.071463	0.072336	15390586	525965
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.124698	0.126785	0.129803	0.130560	0.130947	0.130223	0.131835	0.133446	0.134642	0.136325	1202530	6522
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.117606	0.119098	0.120819	0.122874	0.123967	0.125018	0.126599	0.127258	0.127932	0.128830	1202530	6522

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	9.26722	17.141165	24.231869	30.858553	37.171524	43.271126	49.231426	55.083389	60.828781

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.039467	0.043247	0.046534	0.049026	0.052152	0.054728	0.057181	0.059462	0.061079	0.062146	0.005499
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.433698	0.440256	0.452075	0.469507	0.488734	0.509495	0.532643	0.555378	0.570185	0.586096	0.005499
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.349773	0.357682	0.365124	0.373002	0.379663	0.388062	0.397176	0.406442	0.413889	0.421041	0.005499
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.073073	0.081157	0.088376	0.095010	0.101230	0.106872	0.113128	0.118320	0.121021	0.123385	0.005499
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.075462	0.084169	0.091312	0.097919	0.104253	0.110401	0.116164	0.121907	0.125238	0.127698	0.005499
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.571648	0.581596	0.594177	0.610920	0.634233	0.660859	0.687403	0.711693	0.727150	0.741222	0.001789
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.147063	0.151461	0.154320	0.157433	0.161458	0.166149	0.170591	0.174762	0.177636	0.180209	0.001789
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.065417	0.069053	0.073305	0.078106	0.083309	0.088821	0.094697	0.100031	0.102932	0.105444	0.001789
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.068106	0.071767	0.075811	0.080483	0.085541	0.091058	0.096933	0.102274	0.105512	0.108184	0.001789
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.595537	0.604262	0.618012	0.638667	0.667335	0.698183	0.731259	0.761986	0.782173	0.798844	0.001297
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.111454	0.113025	0.114712	0.116947	0.119899	0.123282	0.126883	0.130357	0.132497	0.134516	0.001297
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.064237	0.066915	0.070176	0.074143	0.078782	0.083787	0.089033	0.093877	0.096623	0.098863	0.001297
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.066747	0.069390	0.072439	0.076267	0.080628	0.085455	0.090563	0.095409	0.098506	0.101062	0.001297
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.468086	0.473880	0.485781	0.503537	0.524205	0.546950	0.573443	0.598765	0.614710	0.628812	0.000803
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.081107	0.082284	0.083899	0.086260	0.089090	0.092302	0.095884	0.099217	0.101445	0.103469	0.000803
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.059080	0.061224	0.063821	0.067223	0.071201	0.075522	0.080041	0.084280	0.086764	0.088853	0.000803
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.059222	0.061508	0.064181	0.067477	0.071197	0.075376	0.079687	0.083869	0.086586	0.088942	0.000803
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.400996	0.411581	0.424037	0.438128	0.455591	0.475467	0.497654	0.518609	0.532310	0.544002	0.000514
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.069152	0.070176	0.071826	0.073917	0.076426	0.079309	0.082305	0.085142	0.087104	0.088885	0.000514
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.057543	0.059391	0.061758	0.064931	0.068683	0.072739	0.076969	0.081016	0.083441	0.085480	0.000514
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.057487	0.059414	0.061747	0.064754	0.068193	0.072047	0.076057	0.079961	0.082467	0.084678	0.000514
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.335539	0.340756	0.347776	0.356779	0.369601	0.385071	0.401535	0.417764	0.428134	0.437302	0.000299
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.055079	0.055597	0.056411	0.057628	0.059201	0.061068	0.063106	0.065113	0.066441	0.067663	0.000299
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.057346	0.058684	0.060402	0.062811	0.065642	0.068776	0.072154	0.075393	0.077421	0.079113	0.000299
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.056622	0.058090	0.059842	0.062122	0.064800	0.067839	0.071018	0.074169	0.076309	0.078161	0.000299

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	48.75951	49.082266	49.464752	49.621668	49.94121	50.168827	50.257807	50.195016	50.197563	50.038938	0.005499

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.036925	0.036861	0.037669	0.038955	0.040818	0.043154	0.045982	0.048813	0.050218	0.05149	0.004751
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.031520	0.031681	0.032435	0.033673	0.035361	0.037340	0.039751	0.042247	0.043556	0.04473	0.004972

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	6.203274	11.763927	16.935471	21.947805	26.935177	31.986723	37.156689	42.441158	47.77668