Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.2.1'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open HClimRep (WeatherGenerator) forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.hclimrep()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 74GB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 9,
                         latitude: 672, longitude: 1440)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float64 72B 0.494 47.37 92.33 ... 453.9 541.1
  * latitude            (latitude) float64 5kB -78.0 -77.75 -77.5 ... 89.5 89.75
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float64 12kB -180.0 -179.8 ... 179.5 179.8
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 2GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    oceanbench_reference_depth_grid_rounding_decimals:  3
    oceanbench_reference_target_depths_m:               [0.494, 47.374, 92.32...
    source:                                             WeatherGenerator infe...
    title:                                              WeatherGenerator GLOR...
    oceanbench_source_kind:                             challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:                             hclimrep

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 9
  • latitude: 672
  • longitude: 1440
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float64
    0.494 47.37 92.33 ... 453.9 541.1

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.94025e-01, 4.73737e+01, 9.23261e+01, 1.55851e+02, 2.22475e+02,
           3.18127e+02, 3.80213e+02, 4.53938e+02, 5.41089e+02])

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -78.0 -77.75 -77.5 ... 89.5 89.75

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-78.  , -77.75, -77.5 , ...,  89.25,  89.5 ,  89.75], shape=(672,))

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    -180.0 -179.8 ... 179.5 179.8

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-180.  , -179.75, -179.5 , ...,  179.25,  179.5 ,  179.75],
          shape=(1440,))

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 16.87 GiB 3.69 MiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 672, 1440) (1, 1, 1, 672, 1440) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 16.87 GiB 3.69 MiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 672, 1440) (1, 1, 1, 672, 1440) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 16.87 GiB 3.69 MiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 672, 1440) (1, 1, 1, 672, 1440) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 16.87 GiB 3.69 MiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 672, 1440) (1, 1, 1, 672, 1440) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 1.87 GiB 3.69 MiB Shape (52, 10, 672, 1440) (1, 1, 672, 1440) Dask graph 520 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.494025,  47.3737,  92.3261,  155.851,  222.475,  318.127,  380.213,
            453.938,  541.089],
          dtype='float64', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([ -78.0, -77.75,  -77.5, -77.25,  -77.0, -76.75,  -76.5, -76.25,  -76.0,
           -75.75,
           ...
             87.5,  87.75,   88.0,  88.25,   88.5,  88.75,   89.0,  89.25,   89.5,
            89.75],
          dtype='float64', name='latitude', length=672))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([ -180.0, -179.75,  -179.5, -179.25,  -179.0, -178.75,  -178.5, -178.25,
            -178.0, -177.75,
           ...
             177.5,  177.75,   178.0,  178.25,   178.5,  178.75,   179.0,  179.25,
             179.5,  179.75],
          dtype='float64', name='longitude', length=1440))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (6)

  oceanbench_reference_depth_grid_rounding_decimals :

  3

  oceanbench_reference_target_depths_m :

  [0.494, 47.374, 92.326, 155.851, 222.475, 318.127, 380.213, 453.938, 541.089]

  source :

  WeatherGenerator inference, stream GLORYS

  title :

  WeatherGenerator GLORYS forecast (OceanBench challenger)

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  hclimrep

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.057425	0.056209	0.055680	0.056279	0.056931	0.057972	0.058809	0.060121	0.060564	0.061341	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.569414	0.571436	0.571552	0.576926	0.583609	0.593100	0.606922	0.620153	0.630151	0.641157	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.407033	0.400458	0.396139	0.393590	0.391436	0.389414	0.388869	0.388221	0.387414	0.387337	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.113408	0.115208	0.117278	0.118897	0.120235	0.121488	0.123148	0.124611	0.125088	0.125690	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.113757	0.116036	0.118370	0.120398	0.122246	0.123920	0.125722	0.127399	0.128221	0.128817	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.803433	0.794158	0.784475	0.780042	0.776525	0.778050	0.783837	0.792288	0.795297	0.801792	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.204695	0.202783	0.201230	0.200326	0.199648	0.199184	0.199132	0.199077	0.198684	0.198727	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.106350	0.106388	0.106701	0.107132	0.107666	0.108483	0.109621	0.110762	0.111144	0.111594	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.106619	0.106460	0.106713	0.107199	0.107805	0.108639	0.109899	0.111128	0.111650	0.112298	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.949164	0.938250	0.931652	0.928391	0.923857	0.923478	0.926230	0.930069	0.929552	0.933853	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.166980	0.165561	0.164567	0.164004	0.163624	0.163175	0.163072	0.162901	0.162383	0.162129	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.102589	0.102181	0.102105	0.102156	0.102348	0.102782	0.103553	0.104354	0.104542	0.104800	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.107215	0.106605	0.106261	0.106135	0.106177	0.106388	0.107070	0.107894	0.108181	0.108539	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.770964	0.766588	0.762911	0.760439	0.758454	0.757421	0.757777	0.758857	0.756374	0.757353	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.137408	0.136349	0.135598	0.134949	0.134389	0.133729	0.133312	0.132821	0.131957	0.131395	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.097627	0.096950	0.096653	0.096386	0.096139	0.095989	0.096095	0.096144	0.095901	0.095767	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.104562	0.103491	0.102984	0.102527	0.102173	0.101915	0.101861	0.101820	0.101489	0.101288	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.642526	0.634240	0.629658	0.627636	0.626056	0.625461	0.626753	0.628582	0.626986	0.627493	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.112880	0.111972	0.111206	0.110580	0.109992	0.109273	0.108801	0.108290	0.107406	0.106892	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.093592	0.093008	0.092685	0.092305	0.091961	0.091692	0.091631	0.091470	0.091113	0.090890	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.098848	0.098142	0.097820	0.097504	0.097212	0.096956	0.096874	0.096767	0.096481	0.096309	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.494777	0.488987	0.486393	0.485735	0.484865	0.484114	0.485314	0.486786	0.486130	0.487184	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.084581	0.083940	0.083384	0.083004	0.082636	0.082138	0.081786	0.081397	0.080726	0.080362	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.082761	0.082226	0.081856	0.081402	0.080994	0.080618	0.080389	0.080084	0.079683	0.079425	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.087651	0.087015	0.086647	0.086292	0.085970	0.085660	0.085470	0.085239	0.084899	0.084699	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	49.173928	48.783014	48.831201	49.229463	49.503646	50.0044	50.073611	50.275309	50.031265	50.686494	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.112435	0.111052	0.110687	0.110510	0.110585	0.110971	0.11183	0.112745	0.112896	0.113183	0.0
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.106933	0.105500	0.105118	0.104978	0.105109	0.105472	0.10642	0.107432	0.107737	0.108242	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Observations	Missing
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.794786	0.826243	0.797917	0.822179	0.847398	0.887679	0.892624	0.905814	0.929635	0.905102	150081	0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.812258	0.822181	0.846683	0.860754	0.877624	0.882026	0.900331	0.880019	0.891677	0.924873	80763	0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	1.029541	1.024366	1.018065	1.029724	1.039620	1.037750	1.054490	1.062361	1.069780	1.085294	1334564	0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.836616	0.844924	0.841751	0.848696	0.866604	0.859738	0.884954	0.886426	0.904743	0.916235	2117343	0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.543652	0.557432	0.551857	0.560819	0.563161	0.571644	0.583932	0.581622	0.592613	0.599117	2622487	0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.244519	0.269751	0.265081	0.279824	0.259054	0.266592	0.259459	0.250560	0.281965	0.282305	68940	0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.198594	0.201723	0.209094	0.200129	0.204257	0.207945	0.206809	0.202410	0.208540	0.218920	1136708	0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.127214	0.127570	0.128634	0.126592	0.129246	0.126913	0.134344	0.130558	0.132818	0.137279	1803408	0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.077636	0.078576	0.077467	0.078374	0.077878	0.078763	0.080417	0.080335	0.080419	0.082366	2225476	0
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.057594	0.059454	0.061352	0.062761	0.064594	0.066045	0.067631	0.068600	0.070399	0.071441	15390586	0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.117083	0.120300	0.123648	0.124788	0.125132	0.125456	0.127756	0.129459	0.131244	0.133129	1202530	0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.113775	0.115659	0.118243	0.120767	0.122555	0.124026	0.125004	0.125785	0.126603	0.128118	1202530	0

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	9.705375	18.869001	27.675943	36.166603	44.362694	52.309738	60.036343	67.562851	74.897614

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.039751	0.043542	0.046855	0.049330	0.052460	0.055064	0.057492	0.059740	0.061346	0.062404	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.436681	0.443529	0.455261	0.472807	0.492034	0.512708	0.535994	0.558139	0.572602	0.588328	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.381924	0.389611	0.396857	0.404682	0.412311	0.421282	0.430587	0.439986	0.447774	0.454316	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.073309	0.081398	0.088633	0.095241	0.101419	0.107016	0.113211	0.118396	0.121121	0.123577	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.075690	0.084439	0.091545	0.098121	0.104481	0.110533	0.116425	0.122061	0.125333	0.127697	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.573367	0.582159	0.594637	0.611666	0.634582	0.661691	0.688708	0.713166	0.727570	0.741670	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.147749	0.152101	0.154970	0.158209	0.162296	0.166936	0.171375	0.175532	0.178308	0.180852	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.065562	0.069229	0.073531	0.078305	0.083500	0.089032	0.094851	0.100215	0.103168	0.105806	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.068093	0.071782	0.075885	0.080550	0.085634	0.091084	0.096936	0.102368	0.105549	0.108240	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.596873	0.605236	0.619137	0.639543	0.668071	0.698709	0.731964	0.762649	0.782561	0.799293	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.111875	0.113415	0.115073	0.117248	0.120204	0.123634	0.127255	0.130765	0.132872	0.134816	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.064392	0.067023	0.070289	0.074341	0.078948	0.083956	0.089208	0.094080	0.096816	0.099115	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.066670	0.069251	0.072298	0.076161	0.080565	0.085399	0.090548	0.095417	0.098462	0.100973	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.468027	0.473818	0.485443	0.502698	0.523574	0.546652	0.573386	0.598650	0.614736	0.628363	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.081239	0.082419	0.083986	0.086273	0.089116	0.092368	0.095958	0.099332	0.101588	0.103552	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.059052	0.061217	0.063853	0.067272	0.071194	0.075487	0.080034	0.084306	0.086836	0.088952	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.059217	0.061473	0.064088	0.067392	0.071199	0.075343	0.079683	0.083835	0.086539	0.088835	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.401395	0.411725	0.423805	0.437881	0.455844	0.475869	0.498040	0.518681	0.532064	0.543336	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.069302	0.070250	0.071819	0.073941	0.076534	0.079496	0.082502	0.085294	0.087162	0.088861	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.057456	0.059308	0.061723	0.064929	0.068643	0.072680	0.076918	0.080944	0.083404	0.085487	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.057497	0.059437	0.061770	0.064755	0.068234	0.072087	0.076096	0.079961	0.082495	0.084674	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.336085	0.341258	0.348273	0.357253	0.370000	0.385608	0.402189	0.418289	0.428430	0.437523	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.055230	0.055753	0.056552	0.057764	0.059341	0.061228	0.063250	0.065226	0.066552	0.067773	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.057316	0.058663	0.060434	0.062844	0.065657	0.068793	0.072149	0.075376	0.077404	0.079153	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.056597	0.058058	0.059822	0.062114	0.064809	0.067838	0.071014	0.074151	0.076264	0.078108	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	46.314615	46.545073	46.87667	47.361572	47.7875	48.361139	48.551113	48.75557	48.686371	49.052456	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.090452	0.089343	0.090172	0.091650	0.093853	0.096674	0.100166	0.103601	0.105242	0.106570	0.0
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.085245	0.084011	0.084722	0.086126	0.088228	0.090961	0.094373	0.097741	0.099496	0.100997	0.0

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	6.285876	12.375534	18.437267	24.591824	30.887539	37.346951	43.97958	50.735916	57.513054