Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.6.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open GLO12 persistence baseline 1 degree interpolated forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.glo12_persistence_1_degree()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 26GB
Dimensions:                          (first_day_datetime: 52,
                                      lead_day_index: 10, depth: 50,
                                      latitude: 170, longitude: 360)
Coordinates:
  * depth                            (depth) float32 200B 0.494 ... 5.728e+03
  * lead_day_index                   (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 ... 7 8 9
  * first_day_datetime               (first_day_datetime) datetime64[ns] 416B ...
  * latitude                         (latitude) float64 1kB -79.5 -78.5 ... 89.5
  * longitude                        (longitude) float64 3kB -179.5 ... 179.5
Data variables:
    sea_water_salinity               (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 6GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_water_potential_temperature  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 6GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    eastward_sea_water_velocity      (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 6GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    northward_sea_water_velocity     (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 6GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_surface_height_above_geoid   (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 127MB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes: (12/16)
    Conventions:                   CF-1.8
    NCO:                           netCDF Operators version 4.9.7 (Homepage =...
    area:                          Global
    contact:                       https://marine.copernicus.eu/contact
    credit:                        E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information...
    history:                       Mon Mar 31 11:20:47 2025: ncks -A /data/rd...
    ...                            ...
    references:                    http://marine.copernicus.eu
    source:                        MOI GLO12
    title:                         daily mean fields from Global Ocean Physic...
    oceanbench_source_kind:        challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:        glo12_persistence
    oceanbench_source_resolution:  one_degree

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 50
  • latitude: 170
  • longitude: 360
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 1.541 ... 5.275e+03 5.728e+03

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    unit_long :

    Meters

    units :

    m

    valid_max :

    5727.9169921875

    valid_min :

    0.49402499198913574

    array([4.940250e-01, 1.541375e+00, 2.645669e+00, 3.819495e+00, 5.078224e+00,
           6.440614e+00, 7.929560e+00, 9.572997e+00, 1.140500e+01, 1.346714e+01,
           1.581007e+01, 1.849556e+01, 2.159882e+01, 2.521141e+01, 2.944473e+01,
           3.443415e+01, 4.034405e+01, 4.737369e+01, 5.576429e+01, 6.580727e+01,
           7.785385e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02, 7.633331e+02, 9.023393e+02,
           1.062440e+03, 1.245291e+03, 1.452251e+03, 1.684284e+03, 1.941893e+03,
           2.225078e+03, 2.533336e+03, 2.865703e+03, 3.220820e+03, 3.597032e+03,
           3.992484e+03, 4.405224e+03, 4.833291e+03, 5.274784e+03, 5.727917e+03],
          dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[ns]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -79.5 -78.5 -77.5 ... 88.5 89.5

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    step :

    0.08333587646484375

    unit_long :

    Degrees North

    units :

    degrees_north

    valid_max :

    90.0

    valid_min :

    -80.0

    array([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           -69.5, -68.5, -67.5, -66.5, -65.5, -64.5, -63.5, -62.5, -61.5, -60.5,
           -59.5, -58.5, -57.5, -56.5, -55.5, -54.5, -53.5, -52.5, -51.5, -50.5,
           -49.5, -48.5, -47.5, -46.5, -45.5, -44.5, -43.5, -42.5, -41.5, -40.5,
           -39.5, -38.5, -37.5, -36.5, -35.5, -34.5, -33.5, -32.5, -31.5, -30.5,
           -29.5, -28.5, -27.5, -26.5, -25.5, -24.5, -23.5, -22.5, -21.5, -20.5,
           -19.5, -18.5, -17.5, -16.5, -15.5, -14.5, -13.5, -12.5, -11.5, -10.5,
            -9.5,  -8.5,  -7.5,  -6.5,  -5.5,  -4.5,  -3.5,  -2.5,  -1.5,  -0.5,
             0.5,   1.5,   2.5,   3.5,   4.5,   5.5,   6.5,   7.5,   8.5,   9.5,
            10.5,  11.5,  12.5,  13.5,  14.5,  15.5,  16.5,  17.5,  18.5,  19.5,
            20.5,  21.5,  22.5,  23.5,  24.5,  25.5,  26.5,  27.5,  28.5,  29.5,
            30.5,  31.5,  32.5,  33.5,  34.5,  35.5,  36.5,  37.5,  38.5,  39.5,
            40.5,  41.5,  42.5,  43.5,  44.5,  45.5,  46.5,  47.5,  48.5,  49.5,
            50.5,  51.5,  52.5,  53.5,  54.5,  55.5,  56.5,  57.5,  58.5,  59.5,
            60.5,  61.5,  62.5,  63.5,  64.5,  65.5,  66.5,  67.5,  68.5,  69.5,
            70.5,  71.5,  72.5,  73.5,  74.5,  75.5,  76.5,  77.5,  78.5,  79.5,
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    -179.5 -178.5 ... 178.5 179.5

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    step :

    0.0833282470703125

    unit_long :

    Degrees East

    units :

    degrees_east

    valid_max :

    179.91668701171875

    valid_min :

    -180.0

    array([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, ...,  177.5,  178.5,  179.5], shape=(360,))

• Data variables: (5)
  • sea_water_salinity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    unit_long :

    Practical Salinity Unit

    units :

    1e-3

    valid_max :

    50.0

    valid_min :

    0.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 5.93 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 50, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 26000 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_water_potential_temperature
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    unit_long :

    Degrees Celsius

    units :

    degrees_C

    valid_max :

    40.0

    valid_min :

    -10.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 5.93 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 50, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 26000 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • eastward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    unit_long :

    Meters per second

    units :

    m s-1

    valid_max :

    5.0

    valid_min :

    -5.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 5.93 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 50, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 26000 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • northward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    unit_long :

    Meters per second

    units :

    m s-1

    valid_max :

    5.0

    valid_min :

    -5.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 5.93 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 50, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 26000 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_surface_height_above_geoid
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    unit_long :

    Meters

    units :

    m

    valid_max :

    5.0

    valid_min :

    -5.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 121.40 MiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 170, 360) (1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 520 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,  1.5413750410079956,  2.6456689834594727,
            3.8194949626922607,   5.078224182128906,   6.440614223480225,
              7.92956018447876,   9.572997093200684,  11.404999732971191,
            13.467140197753906,  15.810070037841797,  18.495559692382812,
            21.598819732666016,  25.211410522460938,  29.444730758666992,
             34.43415069580078,  40.344051361083984,   47.37369155883789,
             55.76428985595703,   65.80726623535156,   77.85385131835938,
              92.3260726928711,  109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,
            155.85069274902344,  186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,
             266.0403137207031,   318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,
             453.9377136230469,   541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375,
             763.3331298828125,   902.3392944335938,    1062.43994140625,
                1245.291015625,     1452.2509765625,  1684.2840576171875,
            1941.8929443359375,   2225.077880859375,        2533.3359375,
             2865.702880859375,   3220.820068359375,   3597.031982421875,
              3992.48388671875,    4405.22412109375,      4833.291015625,
               5274.7841796875,     5727.9169921875],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           ...
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5],
          dtype='float64', name='latitude', length=170))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, -176.5, -175.5, -174.5, -173.5, -172.5, -171.5,
           -170.5,
           ...
            170.5,  171.5,  172.5,  173.5,  174.5,  175.5,  176.5,  177.5,  178.5,
            179.5],
          dtype='float64', name='longitude', length=360))

• Attributes: (16)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  NCO :

  netCDF Operators version 4.9.7 (Homepage = http://nco.sf.net, Code = http://github.com/nco/nco)

  area :

  Global

  contact :

  https://marine.copernicus.eu/contact

  credit :

  E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS)

  history :

  Mon Mar 31 11:20:47 2025: ncks -A /data/rd_exchange/olegallou/IA_INPUT/R20240103/glo12_rg_1d-m_20240102-20240102_3D-uovo_nwct_R20240103.nc 20240103.nc Mon Mar 31 11:19:09 2025: ncks -A /data/rd_exchange/olegallou/IA_INPUT/R20240103/glo12_rg_1d-m_20240102-20240102_3D-thetao_nwct_R20240103.nc 20240103.nc Mon Mar 31 11:17:59 2025: ncks -A /data/rd_exchange/olegallou/IA_INPUT/R20240103/glo12_rg_1d-m_20240102-20240102_3D-so_nwct_R20240103.nc 20240103.nc Mon Mar 31 11:17:44 2025: ncks -A /data/rd_exchange/olegallou/IA_INPUT/R20240103/glo12_rg_1d-m_20240102-20240102_2D_nwct_R20240103.nc 20240103.nc

  history_of_appended_files :

  Mon Mar 31 11:20:47 2025: Appended file /data/rd_exchange/olegallou/IA_INPUT/R20240103/glo12_rg_1d-m_20240102-20240102_3D-uovo_nwct_R20240103.nc had no "history" attribute Mon Mar 31 11:19:09 2025: Appended file /data/rd_exchange/olegallou/IA_INPUT/R20240103/glo12_rg_1d-m_20240102-20240102_3D-thetao_nwct_R20240103.nc had no "history" attribute Mon Mar 31 11:17:59 2025: Appended file /data/rd_exchange/olegallou/IA_INPUT/R20240103/glo12_rg_1d-m_20240102-20240102_3D-so_nwct_R20240103.nc had no "history" attribute Mon Mar 31 11:17:44 2025: Appended file /data/rd_exchange/olegallou/IA_INPUT/R20240103/glo12_rg_1d-m_20240102-20240102_2D_nwct_R20240103.nc had no "history" attribute

  institution :

  Mercator Ocean International

  licence :

  http://marine.copernicus.eu/services-portfolio/service-commitments-and-licence/

  producer :

  CMEMS - Global Monitoring and Forecasting Centre

  references :

  http://marine.copernicus.eu

  source :

  MOI GLO12

  title :

  daily mean fields from Global Ocean Physics Analysis and Forecast updated Daily

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  glo12_persistence

  oceanbench_source_resolution :

  one_degree

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.069525	0.072224	0.074132	0.076137	0.078438	0.080694	0.082618	0.084721	0.086311	0.087935	0.000747
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.558523	0.578988	0.602277	0.626703	0.652551	0.680049	0.708533	0.736602	0.761325	0.787006	0.000747
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.599403	0.603555	0.608048	0.612761	0.617012	0.621430	0.625689	0.629569	0.632804	0.636269	0.000747
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.144974	0.154033	0.158562	0.163093	0.167976	0.172941	0.177308	0.181215	0.184640	0.187751	0.000747
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.145016	0.153532	0.157566	0.162230	0.167000	0.171560	0.175887	0.179887	0.183436	0.186791	0.000747
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.928205	0.939026	0.950575	0.964017	0.979192	0.996034	1.014473	1.033110	1.049193	1.065712	0.000872
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.252312	0.253289	0.254365	0.255624	0.257159	0.258999	0.260960	0.262857	0.264391	0.265871	0.000872
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.129188	0.133120	0.136780	0.141162	0.145993	0.150782	0.155369	0.159645	0.163117	0.166303	0.000872
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.130774	0.133851	0.136728	0.140316	0.144179	0.148236	0.152340	0.156386	0.159750	0.162968	0.000872
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	1.108641	1.118833	1.129366	1.143764	1.159992	1.178588	1.199085	1.218715	1.234418	1.249702	0.000803
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.199313	0.199736	0.200268	0.201102	0.202111	0.203254	0.204550	0.205861	0.206804	0.207698	0.000803
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.124700	0.127351	0.130138	0.133785	0.137753	0.141672	0.145443	0.149163	0.152094	0.154745	0.000803
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.129243	0.131223	0.133392	0.136164	0.139296	0.142540	0.145837	0.149087	0.151640	0.154090	0.000803
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.914869	0.919306	0.924758	0.931876	0.940856	0.951373	0.963029	0.974233	0.982942	0.991852	0.000760
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.163053	0.163337	0.163695	0.164235	0.164984	0.165892	0.166914	0.167862	0.168531	0.169198	0.000760
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.120240	0.121392	0.122706	0.124447	0.126420	0.128562	0.130800	0.133033	0.134916	0.136665	0.000760
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.126308	0.127091	0.128110	0.129380	0.130888	0.132589	0.134362	0.136231	0.137764	0.139281	0.000760
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.773354	0.776844	0.781203	0.787361	0.795174	0.804393	0.814554	0.824924	0.832886	0.840718	0.000694
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.135857	0.136086	0.136411	0.136912	0.137597	0.138401	0.139316	0.140269	0.140939	0.141594	0.000694
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.117250	0.118164	0.119235	0.120638	0.122314	0.124124	0.126047	0.127947	0.129549	0.131076	0.000694
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.121840	0.122448	0.123242	0.124274	0.125517	0.126927	0.128423	0.129973	0.131279	0.132584	0.000694
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.595562	0.598149	0.601758	0.607077	0.613463	0.620916	0.629409	0.638028	0.644747	0.651506	0.000489
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.102939	0.103078	0.103344	0.103783	0.104270	0.104854	0.105529	0.106213	0.106695	0.107200	0.000489
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.107450	0.108155	0.108941	0.109965	0.111192	0.112532	0.113941	0.115357	0.116604	0.117737	0.000489
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.111552	0.111989	0.112562	0.113275	0.114173	0.115206	0.116312	0.117447	0.118421	0.119394	0.000489

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	33.828092	35.292733	36.312396	37.067168	37.802612	38.402305	38.911657	39.391275	39.635628	39.868864	0.000747

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.049946	0.052023	0.054576	0.057632	0.061107	0.064771	0.068548	0.072226	0.075300	0.078263	0.00124
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.042392	0.043966	0.045690	0.047996	0.050660	0.053449	0.056344	0.059214	0.061686	0.063998	0.00112

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Observations	Missing
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.767186	0.813467	0.794902	0.831814	0.861357	0.918545	0.937335	0.959970	0.998319	0.983926	150081	2136
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.778070	0.798533	0.832443	0.870030	0.874963	0.918047	0.961043	0.929443	0.966178	1.011096	80763	1863
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.903792	0.898711	0.902421	0.934140	0.923032	0.955823	0.995402	1.000234	1.016874	1.046166	1334564	49146
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.829016	0.833196	0.833037	0.836220	0.859309	0.860112	0.900461	0.902021	0.928739	0.946083	2117343	97132
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.560310	0.564921	0.559696	0.582090	0.583614	0.598428	0.612862	0.617166	0.642182	0.648986	2622487	115428
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.252458	0.279856	0.274111	0.310192	0.274432	0.282743	0.281039	0.273345	0.304350	0.306065	68940	1620
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.194874	0.196933	0.200812	0.199666	0.202650	0.204435	0.208933	0.205002	0.212262	0.217878	1136708	45099
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.129175	0.129255	0.130188	0.128732	0.131970	0.131099	0.138288	0.134484	0.139047	0.142833	1803408	90308
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.081140	0.081806	0.079982	0.084232	0.083544	0.084564	0.086880	0.087555	0.090120	0.091141	2225476	105009
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.052403	0.054117	0.055597	0.058090	0.060169	0.062600	0.064804	0.066726	0.069096	0.071045	15390586	473474
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.135764	0.140196	0.142882	0.144875	0.145936	0.145985	0.148713	0.150438	0.151818	0.154475	1202530	11144
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.126538	0.131419	0.134190	0.136912	0.138432	0.140958	0.144663	0.147325	0.149849	0.151591	1202530	11144

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	12.529556	23.728371	34.167511	44.265511	54.241295	64.158829	74.031052	83.865028	93.647255

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.023568	0.033906	0.040356	0.046142	0.051639	0.056417	0.060362	0.064251	0.066682	0.068928	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.222714	0.334916	0.416125	0.478978	0.533404	0.581498	0.625227	0.665872	0.699148	0.731130	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.116135	0.173299	0.209269	0.235395	0.254592	0.272920	0.288600	0.302398	0.314471	0.325158	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.092418	0.121605	0.135757	0.147383	0.157690	0.166369	0.173546	0.179422	0.184008	0.188012	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.088752	0.117289	0.131126	0.142947	0.153369	0.162078	0.169466	0.176194	0.181316	0.185671	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.328485	0.463581	0.549754	0.617949	0.678424	0.733506	0.783521	0.827258	0.861940	0.893529	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.063978	0.092422	0.112036	0.126983	0.139477	0.150206	0.159438	0.167262	0.173122	0.178189	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.067304	0.092286	0.108054	0.120931	0.131848	0.141121	0.149177	0.156057	0.161043	0.165446	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.064046	0.088062	0.103198	0.115295	0.125696	0.134712	0.142687	0.149668	0.155023	0.159456	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.350874	0.490791	0.583285	0.664222	0.736568	0.801157	0.861438	0.914311	0.953807	0.989042	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.051325	0.075119	0.092505	0.105937	0.116754	0.125745	0.133575	0.140226	0.144974	0.149134	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.057529	0.081132	0.096511	0.109096	0.120050	0.129298	0.137152	0.143828	0.148787	0.152982	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.055341	0.078293	0.093289	0.105234	0.115432	0.123989	0.131553	0.138192	0.143201	0.147379	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.236658	0.347168	0.429025	0.496050	0.553768	0.604207	0.649814	0.689605	0.718880	0.744647	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.039308	0.059141	0.074013	0.085649	0.095088	0.102992	0.109985	0.115894	0.120307	0.124162	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.042604	0.062988	0.077435	0.089057	0.098996	0.107752	0.115599	0.122414	0.127664	0.132312	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.039782	0.059034	0.072721	0.083491	0.092676	0.100785	0.107946	0.114277	0.119168	0.123434	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.196259	0.293391	0.367243	0.426400	0.476410	0.520685	0.561072	0.596456	0.622521	0.645350	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.032493	0.049594	0.062463	0.072357	0.080412	0.087243	0.093324	0.098532	0.102443	0.105848	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.038433	0.057715	0.071736	0.083057	0.092799	0.101402	0.109053	0.115757	0.120992	0.125664	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.035509	0.053515	0.066674	0.077161	0.086081	0.093914	0.100918	0.107147	0.111971	0.116210	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.145385	0.221480	0.280505	0.329268	0.370541	0.406176	0.438461	0.466990	0.488343	0.506869	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.023246	0.036058	0.045817	0.053517	0.059731	0.064899	0.069423	0.073348	0.076282	0.078820	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.032426	0.049292	0.061710	0.071840	0.080643	0.088436	0.095425	0.101637	0.106640	0.111042	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.029799	0.045539	0.057136	0.066523	0.074545	0.081597	0.087911	0.093593	0.098124	0.102104	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	17.434512	23.014866	26.277862	28.457199	30.195105	31.492611	32.531756	33.366526	33.94931	34.482306	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.019445	0.027312	0.034555	0.041559	0.048243	0.054399	0.060243	0.065680	0.069729	0.073361	0.0
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.018039	0.024108	0.029145	0.034601	0.039955	0.044822	0.049461	0.053841	0.057073	0.059950	0.0

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	8.166695	16.761608	25.404314	34.242584	43.352604	52.683559	62.157425	71.741821	81.369423