Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.6.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.glo12()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 4TB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 50,
                         latitude: 2041, longitude: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 200B 0.494 1.541 ... 5.275e+03 5.728e+03
  * latitude            (latitude) float32 8kB -80.0 -79.92 ... 89.92 90.0
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float32 17kB -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[ns] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 917GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 917GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 917GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 917GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    oceanbench_source_kind:  challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:  glo12

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 50
  • latitude: 2041
  • longitude: 4320
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 1.541 ... 5.275e+03 5.728e+03

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    unit_long :

    Meters

    units :

    m

    valid_max :

    5727.9169921875

    valid_min :

    0.49402499198913574

    array([4.940250e-01, 1.541375e+00, 2.645669e+00, 3.819495e+00, 5.078224e+00,
           6.440614e+00, 7.929560e+00, 9.572997e+00, 1.140500e+01, 1.346714e+01,
           1.581007e+01, 1.849556e+01, 2.159882e+01, 2.521141e+01, 2.944473e+01,
           3.443415e+01, 4.034405e+01, 4.737369e+01, 5.576429e+01, 6.580727e+01,
           7.785385e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02, 7.633331e+02, 9.023393e+02,
           1.062440e+03, 1.245291e+03, 1.452251e+03, 1.684284e+03, 1.941893e+03,
           2.225078e+03, 2.533336e+03, 2.865703e+03, 3.220820e+03, 3.597032e+03,
           3.992484e+03, 4.405224e+03, 4.833291e+03, 5.274784e+03, 5.727917e+03],
          dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    -80.0 -79.92 -79.83 ... 89.92 90.0

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    step :

    0.08333587646484375

    unit_long :

    Degrees North

    units :

    degrees_north

    valid_max :

    90.0

    valid_min :

    -80.0

    array([-80.      , -79.916664, -79.833336, ...,  89.83334 ,  89.91667 ,
            90.      ], shape=(2041,), dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    step :

    0.0833282470703125

    unit_long :

    Degrees East

    units :

    degrees_east

    valid_max :

    179.91668701171875

    valid_min :

    -180.0

    array([-180.     , -179.91667, -179.83333, ...,  179.75   ,  179.83334,
            179.91669], shape=(4320,), dtype=float32)

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[ns]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    unit_long :

    Practical Salinity Unit

    units :

    1e-3

    valid_max :

    50.0

    valid_min :

    0.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 854.00 GiB 3.12 MiB Shape (52, 10, 50, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 640, 1280) Dask graph 416000 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    unit_long :

    Degrees Celsius

    units :

    degrees_C

    valid_max :

    40.0

    valid_min :

    -10.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 854.00 GiB 3.12 MiB Shape (52, 10, 50, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 640, 1280) Dask graph 416000 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    unit_long :

    Meters per second

    units :

    m s-1

    valid_max :

    5.0

    valid_min :

    -5.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 854.00 GiB 3.12 MiB Shape (52, 10, 50, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 640, 1280) Dask graph 416000 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    unit_long :

    Meters per second

    units :

    m s-1

    valid_max :

    5.0

    valid_min :

    -5.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 854.00 GiB 3.12 MiB Shape (52, 10, 50, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 640, 1280) Dask graph 416000 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    unit_long :

    Meters

    units :

    m

    valid_max :

    5.0

    valid_min :

    -5.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 17.08 GiB 3.12 MiB Shape (52, 10, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 640, 1280) Dask graph 8320 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,  1.5413750410079956,  2.6456689834594727,
            3.8194949626922607,   5.078224182128906,   6.440614223480225,
              7.92956018447876,   9.572997093200684,  11.404999732971191,
            13.467140197753906,  15.810070037841797,  18.495559692382812,
            21.598819732666016,  25.211410522460938,  29.444730758666992,
             34.43415069580078,  40.344051361083984,   47.37369155883789,
             55.76428985595703,   65.80726623535156,   77.85385131835938,
              92.3260726928711,  109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,
            155.85069274902344,  186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,
             266.0403137207031,   318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,
             453.9377136230469,   541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375,
             763.3331298828125,   902.3392944335938,    1062.43994140625,
                1245.291015625,     1452.2509765625,  1684.2840576171875,
            1941.8929443359375,   2225.077880859375,        2533.3359375,
             2865.702880859375,   3220.820068359375,   3597.031982421875,
              3992.48388671875,    4405.22412109375,      4833.291015625,
               5274.7841796875,     5727.9169921875],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([             -80.0, -79.91666412353516, -79.83333587646484,
                       -79.75, -79.66666412353516, -79.58333587646484,
                        -79.5, -79.41666412353516, -79.33333587646484,
                       -79.25,
           ...
                        89.25,  89.33334350585938,  89.41667175292969,
                         89.5,  89.58334350585938,  89.66667175292969,
                        89.75,  89.83334350585938,  89.91667175292969,
                         90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=2041))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([            -180.0, -179.9166717529297, -179.8333282470703,
                      -179.75, -179.6666717529297, -179.5833282470703,
                       -179.5, -179.4166717529297, -179.3333282470703,
                      -179.25,
           ...
           179.16668701171875,             179.25, 179.33334350585938,
           179.41668701171875,              179.5, 179.58334350585938,
           179.66668701171875,             179.75, 179.83334350585938,
           179.91668701171875],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=4320))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (2)

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  glo12

Evaluation configuration

region = 'ibi'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.057427	0.057520	0.058417	0.059129	0.061877	0.061762	0.065297	0.067080	0.071805	0.073386	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.446993	0.447695	0.450478	0.453363	0.461805	0.471331	0.488180	0.512875	0.539660	0.566718	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.257357	0.256864	0.256924	0.257615	0.259413	0.261248	0.262615	0.265408	0.267387	0.270451	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.097242	0.098618	0.100275	0.102120	0.104325	0.106922	0.110046	0.112863	0.116846	0.119866	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.100805	0.102314	0.104079	0.105972	0.108263	0.111273	0.114812	0.118457	0.123018	0.126177	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.717846	0.716808	0.715994	0.715751	0.716693	0.719465	0.723507	0.727680	0.729907	0.732063	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.191857	0.192345	0.192981	0.193693	0.194437	0.195308	0.196409	0.197751	0.198808	0.199891	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.094895	0.096365	0.097868	0.099426	0.101048	0.102646	0.104485	0.106263	0.107947	0.109408	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.098013	0.099437	0.101046	0.102744	0.104382	0.105957	0.107806	0.109734	0.111190	0.112804	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.745948	0.746079	0.746521	0.747157	0.748519	0.751460	0.755111	0.758681	0.760764	0.762747	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.197213	0.197860	0.198605	0.199405	0.200292	0.201374	0.202550	0.203786	0.204686	0.205625	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.091631	0.093061	0.094537	0.096077	0.097610	0.099181	0.100834	0.102488	0.103850	0.105167	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.093781	0.095212	0.096778	0.098371	0.099923	0.101514	0.103130	0.104740	0.106073	0.107342	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.662606	0.662415	0.662419	0.663063	0.664245	0.666006	0.668209	0.670343	0.671548	0.673096	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.136880	0.136847	0.136847	0.136974	0.137204	0.137522	0.137937	0.138347	0.138616	0.138937	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.085936	0.087184	0.088553	0.089941	0.091389	0.092844	0.094309	0.095716	0.096897	0.098063	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.087198	0.088466	0.089837	0.091204	0.092600	0.094001	0.095412	0.096724	0.097851	0.098912	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.542091	0.542001	0.541954	0.542274	0.542988	0.544145	0.545753	0.547409	0.548349	0.549442	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.104989	0.104936	0.104892	0.104915	0.105008	0.105165	0.105396	0.105614	0.105764	0.105937	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.085360	0.086485	0.087731	0.089018	0.090369	0.091731	0.093072	0.094363	0.095457	0.096520	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.086669	0.087796	0.089003	0.090252	0.091540	0.092817	0.094067	0.095260	0.096280	0.097264	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.399983	0.399845	0.399795	0.400079	0.400695	0.401731	0.403220	0.404801	0.405818	0.407032	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.091065	0.091070	0.091129	0.091279	0.091506	0.091791	0.092130	0.092442	0.092673	0.092955	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.088390	0.089239	0.090180	0.091228	0.092330	0.093433	0.094526	0.095579	0.096433	0.097265	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.089931	0.090765	0.091679	0.092682	0.093688	0.094697	0.095665	0.096601	0.097415	0.098219	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	24.138102	24.102343	23.445194	23.802013	24.446709	25.427814	26.614634	28.739052	29.352211	29.95063	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.091826	0.093258	0.094809	0.096393	0.098088	0.099843	0.101947	0.103841	0.105875	0.107433	0.000431
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.092531	0.093935	0.095601	0.097230	0.099030	0.100809	0.102768	0.104535	0.106431	0.108198	0.000628

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Observations	Missing
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.399157	0.450674	0.482885	0.445680	0.476872	0.491419	0.553052	0.488233	0.517753	0.585323	1807	33
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.382761	0.434308	0.386584	0.389095	0.516377	0.456380	0.606710	0.522977	0.565177	0.550143	1496	9
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.674382	0.742229	0.734333	0.694503	0.807257	0.704809	0.804879	0.749541	0.779761	0.825400	36018	236
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.306541	0.339468	0.354429	0.324502	0.369339	0.335128	0.358295	0.348560	0.354544	0.401147	50931	497
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.269591	0.267204	0.259759	0.249260	0.284077	0.254593	0.259787	0.293895	0.280716	0.267593	45078	554
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.670409	0.882969	0.864886	0.671162	0.634830	0.746870	0.652082	0.711386	0.906823	0.888544	1303	10
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.278993	0.337871	0.359049	0.282829	0.316171	0.314286	0.306730	0.311783	0.377074	0.395578	32900	236
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.109138	0.097846	0.126834	0.097555	0.147103	0.119722	0.138194	0.130376	0.124763	0.170182	46897	497
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.045253	0.046558	0.051260	0.045699	0.058095	0.046006	0.055567	0.051793	0.050293	0.056655	40027	554
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.048608	0.052921	0.056741	0.055584	0.057965	0.055943	0.057352	0.057449	0.060409	0.063289	179488	2562
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.106871	0.110389	0.114517	0.118924	0.114558	0.117821	0.121366	0.121464	0.125494	0.129793	18905	363
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.106540	0.113906	0.113763	0.111201	0.111941	0.108050	0.109716	0.119404	0.125460	0.128243	18905	363

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	8.842309	17.177641	24.910484	32.092434	38.821045	45.24836	51.441891	57.458961	63.387718

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.007259	0.008933	0.012043	0.015556	0.021598	0.025086	0.031662	0.034650	0.041951	0.045142	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.090916	0.109327	0.136970	0.169607	0.209324	0.251095	0.292122	0.340692	0.389452	0.436729	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.028149	0.033634	0.040957	0.050270	0.061282	0.072113	0.084454	0.098442	0.110666	0.123360	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.018346	0.022817	0.028673	0.035810	0.044299	0.053431	0.062937	0.071497	0.080586	0.087271	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.018342	0.023104	0.029082	0.036446	0.044809	0.054933	0.065432	0.075284	0.085021	0.091686	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.130414	0.148928	0.176472	0.211918	0.251916	0.294982	0.339651	0.383147	0.410555	0.437575	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.026195	0.030712	0.036614	0.043783	0.051876	0.060668	0.069741	0.078500	0.085492	0.092252	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.017576	0.021143	0.026168	0.032301	0.039424	0.046735	0.054736	0.062026	0.068124	0.073239	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.017383	0.021142	0.026270	0.032557	0.039640	0.047306	0.055482	0.062962	0.068770	0.074262	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.110809	0.127276	0.150786	0.180866	0.215728	0.253544	0.292574	0.329215	0.355308	0.380484	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.026294	0.030834	0.036904	0.044283	0.052641	0.061598	0.070729	0.079437	0.086214	0.092813	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.016796	0.020162	0.024897	0.030714	0.037412	0.044554	0.051992	0.058786	0.064142	0.069008	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.016520	0.020055	0.024873	0.030821	0.037590	0.044877	0.052306	0.059247	0.064601	0.069601	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.091421	0.104128	0.122758	0.146770	0.174593	0.204662	0.235570	0.263990	0.283590	0.302092	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.018661	0.021247	0.024960	0.029671	0.035085	0.040905	0.046905	0.052409	0.056307	0.059979	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.014674	0.017585	0.021722	0.026917	0.032869	0.039323	0.045908	0.052013	0.056737	0.061169	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.014254	0.017350	0.021613	0.026890	0.032934	0.039413	0.046035	0.052183	0.056970	0.061492	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.074596	0.085349	0.101119	0.121453	0.145055	0.170657	0.197012	0.221504	0.238718	0.254791	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.014098	0.016136	0.019050	0.022747	0.027021	0.031667	0.036454	0.040915	0.044143	0.047132	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.013836	0.016554	0.020458	0.025362	0.030980	0.037097	0.043348	0.049195	0.053745	0.058064	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.013398	0.016281	0.020305	0.025294	0.031016	0.037171	0.043499	0.049403	0.054043	0.058433	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.058286	0.067427	0.081069	0.098566	0.118735	0.140584	0.163116	0.184028	0.198816	0.212848	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.012296	0.014155	0.016783	0.020131	0.023989	0.028159	0.032458	0.036457	0.039443	0.042318	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.013010	0.015539	0.019108	0.023601	0.028792	0.034420	0.040214	0.045709	0.050073	0.054300	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.012659	0.015318	0.019001	0.023559	0.028822	0.034552	0.040472	0.046055	0.050543	0.054793	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	6.858749	9.431922	11.653698	12.970525	15.007453	17.657921	20.091002	23.166401	24.135216	26.097441	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.016701	0.020090	0.024895	0.030811	0.037545	0.045013	0.053003	0.060022	0.066270	0.071192	0.0
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.015984	0.019368	0.024187	0.030068	0.036812	0.044199	0.052028	0.059003	0.065253	0.070398	0.0

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	1.445626	3.224747	5.448678	8.179537	11.51277	15.497857	19.994963	24.992002	30.446758