Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.6.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.glo12()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 4TB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 50,
                         latitude: 2041, longitude: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 200B 0.494 1.541 ... 5.275e+03 5.728e+03
  * latitude            (latitude) float32 8kB -80.0 -79.92 ... 89.92 90.0
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float32 17kB -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[ns] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 917GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 917GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 917GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 917GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    oceanbench_source_kind:  challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:  glo12

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 50
  • latitude: 2041
  • longitude: 4320
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 1.541 ... 5.275e+03 5.728e+03

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    unit_long :

    Meters

    units :

    m

    valid_max :

    5727.9169921875

    valid_min :

    0.49402499198913574

    array([4.940250e-01, 1.541375e+00, 2.645669e+00, 3.819495e+00, 5.078224e+00,
           6.440614e+00, 7.929560e+00, 9.572997e+00, 1.140500e+01, 1.346714e+01,
           1.581007e+01, 1.849556e+01, 2.159882e+01, 2.521141e+01, 2.944473e+01,
           3.443415e+01, 4.034405e+01, 4.737369e+01, 5.576429e+01, 6.580727e+01,
           7.785385e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02, 7.633331e+02, 9.023393e+02,
           1.062440e+03, 1.245291e+03, 1.452251e+03, 1.684284e+03, 1.941893e+03,
           2.225078e+03, 2.533336e+03, 2.865703e+03, 3.220820e+03, 3.597032e+03,
           3.992484e+03, 4.405224e+03, 4.833291e+03, 5.274784e+03, 5.727917e+03],
          dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    -80.0 -79.92 -79.83 ... 89.92 90.0

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    step :

    0.08333587646484375

    unit_long :

    Degrees North

    units :

    degrees_north

    valid_max :

    90.0

    valid_min :

    -80.0

    array([-80.      , -79.916664, -79.833336, ...,  89.83334 ,  89.91667 ,
            90.      ], shape=(2041,), dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    step :

    0.0833282470703125

    unit_long :

    Degrees East

    units :

    degrees_east

    valid_max :

    179.91668701171875

    valid_min :

    -180.0

    array([-180.     , -179.91667, -179.83333, ...,  179.75   ,  179.83334,
            179.91669], shape=(4320,), dtype=float32)

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[ns]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    unit_long :

    Practical Salinity Unit

    units :

    1e-3

    valid_max :

    50.0

    valid_min :

    0.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 854.00 GiB 3.12 MiB Shape (52, 10, 50, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 640, 1280) Dask graph 416000 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    unit_long :

    Degrees Celsius

    units :

    degrees_C

    valid_max :

    40.0

    valid_min :

    -10.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 854.00 GiB 3.12 MiB Shape (52, 10, 50, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 640, 1280) Dask graph 416000 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    unit_long :

    Meters per second

    units :

    m s-1

    valid_max :

    5.0

    valid_min :

    -5.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 854.00 GiB 3.12 MiB Shape (52, 10, 50, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 640, 1280) Dask graph 416000 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    unit_long :

    Meters per second

    units :

    m s-1

    valid_max :

    5.0

    valid_min :

    -5.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 854.00 GiB 3.12 MiB Shape (52, 10, 50, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 640, 1280) Dask graph 416000 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 640, 1280), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    unit_long :

    Meters

    units :

    m

    valid_max :

    5.0

    valid_min :

    -5.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 17.08 GiB 3.12 MiB Shape (52, 10, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 640, 1280) Dask graph 8320 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,  1.5413750410079956,  2.6456689834594727,
            3.8194949626922607,   5.078224182128906,   6.440614223480225,
              7.92956018447876,   9.572997093200684,  11.404999732971191,
            13.467140197753906,  15.810070037841797,  18.495559692382812,
            21.598819732666016,  25.211410522460938,  29.444730758666992,
             34.43415069580078,  40.344051361083984,   47.37369155883789,
             55.76428985595703,   65.80726623535156,   77.85385131835938,
              92.3260726928711,  109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,
            155.85069274902344,  186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,
             266.0403137207031,   318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,
             453.9377136230469,   541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375,
             763.3331298828125,   902.3392944335938,    1062.43994140625,
                1245.291015625,     1452.2509765625,  1684.2840576171875,
            1941.8929443359375,   2225.077880859375,        2533.3359375,
             2865.702880859375,   3220.820068359375,   3597.031982421875,
              3992.48388671875,    4405.22412109375,      4833.291015625,
               5274.7841796875,     5727.9169921875],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([             -80.0, -79.91666412353516, -79.83333587646484,
                       -79.75, -79.66666412353516, -79.58333587646484,
                        -79.5, -79.41666412353516, -79.33333587646484,
                       -79.25,
           ...
                        89.25,  89.33334350585938,  89.41667175292969,
                         89.5,  89.58334350585938,  89.66667175292969,
                        89.75,  89.83334350585938,  89.91667175292969,
                         90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=2041))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([            -180.0, -179.9166717529297, -179.8333282470703,
                      -179.75, -179.6666717529297, -179.5833282470703,
                       -179.5, -179.4166717529297, -179.3333282470703,
                      -179.25,
           ...
           179.16668701171875,             179.25, 179.33334350585938,
           179.41668701171875,              179.5, 179.58334350585938,
           179.66668701171875,             179.75, 179.83334350585938,
           179.91668701171875],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=4320))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (2)

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  glo12

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.067745	0.068732	0.069845	0.071128	0.072667	0.074345	0.076450	0.078621	0.080585	0.082526	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.552937	0.557038	0.562502	0.570451	0.580782	0.593408	0.608431	0.624723	0.639475	0.655831	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.629843	0.629478	0.629289	0.630273	0.631233	0.632084	0.633419	0.635184	0.636148	0.638197	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.131248	0.134048	0.137162	0.140635	0.144345	0.148367	0.152898	0.157435	0.161222	0.164734	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.133369	0.136288	0.139534	0.143159	0.147299	0.151715	0.156438	0.161064	0.165011	0.168560	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.925507	0.929037	0.933092	0.937805	0.945068	0.953412	0.963793	0.975064	0.983626	0.991620	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.255509	0.255640	0.255869	0.256263	0.256865	0.257644	0.258560	0.259588	0.260354	0.261224	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.125201	0.127351	0.129810	0.132510	0.135357	0.138509	0.141808	0.145172	0.147743	0.150169	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.127846	0.129967	0.132338	0.134896	0.137631	0.140522	0.143777	0.146916	0.149385	0.151859	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	1.103968	1.106732	1.109989	1.114581	1.121174	1.129530	1.140031	1.151104	1.158629	1.166603	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.200755	0.200785	0.200847	0.201121	0.201568	0.202159	0.202935	0.203761	0.204289	0.204837	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.122960	0.124729	0.126711	0.128839	0.131099	0.133606	0.136323	0.139054	0.141144	0.143119	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.128223	0.129949	0.131745	0.133776	0.135902	0.138131	0.140590	0.143136	0.145162	0.147063	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.916558	0.919861	0.923444	0.928118	0.933587	0.940351	0.948404	0.956899	0.962824	0.968677	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.163802	0.163929	0.164080	0.164379	0.164812	0.165388	0.166112	0.166867	0.167351	0.167854	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.119898	0.121031	0.122221	0.123551	0.124979	0.126539	0.128291	0.130065	0.131426	0.132687	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.126370	0.127487	0.128624	0.129810	0.131108	0.132553	0.134156	0.135786	0.137090	0.138291	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.775982	0.779375	0.783270	0.788202	0.794138	0.801115	0.809156	0.817533	0.823564	0.829576	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.136848	0.137056	0.137329	0.137722	0.138243	0.138894	0.139668	0.140470	0.141044	0.141648	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.116872	0.117779	0.118719	0.119767	0.120952	0.122266	0.123722	0.125181	0.126317	0.127371	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.121881	0.122775	0.123697	0.124676	0.125734	0.126926	0.128248	0.129606	0.130698	0.131739	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.597389	0.600072	0.603261	0.607328	0.612356	0.618172	0.624803	0.631681	0.636921	0.642126	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.103861	0.104010	0.104213	0.104524	0.104931	0.105425	0.106006	0.106610	0.107072	0.107558	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.107252	0.107865	0.108507	0.109211	0.109993	0.110869	0.111855	0.112865	0.113661	0.114417	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.111518	0.112093	0.112699	0.113354	0.114091	0.114925	0.115820	0.116749	0.117507	0.118239	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	31.856503	31.775862	31.956188	32.275253	32.683048	33.051071	33.571083	34.264145	34.840111	35.759457	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.122271	0.124899	0.127738	0.130764	0.134007	0.137415	0.141069	0.144743	0.147481	0.150046	0.000617
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.120732	0.123382	0.126198	0.129160	0.132349	0.135645	0.139179	0.142750	0.145470	0.148020	0.000791

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Observations	Missing
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.764876	0.793615	0.771628	0.796835	0.828871	0.869028	0.872033	0.889909	0.917737	0.894808	150081	0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.765559	0.776292	0.806565	0.845452	0.858942	0.852613	0.890310	0.871457	0.887136	0.931689	80763	0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.908468	0.924443	0.914773	0.959112	0.963689	0.963273	0.993569	1.019349	1.034525	1.060240	1334564	0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.824412	0.856345	0.845220	0.857116	0.887074	0.892509	0.923376	0.921721	0.970306	0.968261	2117343	0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.551047	0.577272	0.580891	0.583518	0.608584	0.629398	0.633536	0.651155	0.665495	0.680359	2622487	0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.274306	0.295326	0.304447	0.323315	0.299549	0.310942	0.295848	0.297326	0.323943	0.332777	68940	0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.210085	0.217034	0.222224	0.226738	0.225905	0.225115	0.231541	0.232247	0.236069	0.246582	1136708	0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.136806	0.140136	0.141726	0.141382	0.147011	0.145272	0.154012	0.150570	0.154423	0.159088	1803408	0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.087735	0.089740	0.090389	0.090722	0.093238	0.094990	0.096300	0.099986	0.101714	0.103218	2225476	0
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.049941	0.052627	0.054903	0.057780	0.060342	0.062892	0.065342	0.067530	0.070509	0.072471	15390586	0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.133682	0.137951	0.143294	0.145962	0.147604	0.150655	0.155061	0.159631	0.163826	0.166899	1202530	0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.129600	0.133046	0.137292	0.140914	0.145986	0.148999	0.152040	0.156578	0.159874	0.163280	1202530	0

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	11.804389	23.147667	33.995567	44.403023	54.453159	64.2006	73.726639	83.049919	92.218384

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.009766	0.011692	0.015041	0.019294	0.024340	0.029684	0.035565	0.040932	0.044806	0.048514	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.111355	0.136588	0.172841	0.215548	0.262508	0.311344	0.361330	0.407491	0.443331	0.479256	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.058759	0.069546	0.086174	0.104887	0.125526	0.146784	0.167880	0.187846	0.202830	0.218679	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.030071	0.037400	0.047730	0.059356	0.071919	0.084732	0.097663	0.109235	0.117931	0.125699	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.028771	0.036873	0.048327	0.060522	0.073535	0.086712	0.099708	0.111459	0.120519	0.128564	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.182399	0.206602	0.245187	0.295563	0.352583	0.413386	0.475018	0.530061	0.566443	0.600678	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.038311	0.043834	0.051820	0.061957	0.073403	0.085386	0.097457	0.108569	0.116509	0.123857	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.028043	0.033215	0.040774	0.050139	0.060803	0.072150	0.083574	0.093854	0.101141	0.107819	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.026973	0.032571	0.040410	0.049926	0.060589	0.071754	0.083054	0.093365	0.100801	0.107519	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.199685	0.225131	0.265303	0.318028	0.377961	0.442331	0.507936	0.566760	0.605014	0.641600	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.032138	0.036869	0.043457	0.051852	0.061450	0.071633	0.081928	0.091353	0.097975	0.104014	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.025879	0.030480	0.037050	0.045401	0.055032	0.065349	0.075790	0.085262	0.091910	0.098043	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.025152	0.030019	0.036802	0.045215	0.054724	0.064800	0.075078	0.084518	0.091331	0.097529	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.142844	0.165303	0.198226	0.240642	0.289504	0.342024	0.395895	0.444926	0.477475	0.507686	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.024332	0.028174	0.033406	0.040014	0.047615	0.055771	0.064097	0.071783	0.077311	0.082408	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.020752	0.024490	0.029838	0.036660	0.044549	0.053044	0.061729	0.069707	0.075373	0.080600	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.019283	0.023235	0.028706	0.035507	0.043266	0.051575	0.060053	0.067880	0.073597	0.078855	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.117846	0.137817	0.166912	0.204312	0.247468	0.293871	0.341373	0.384788	0.413997	0.441082	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.019743	0.023074	0.027596	0.033297	0.039852	0.046877	0.054033	0.060665	0.065513	0.069978	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.019154	0.022521	0.027366	0.033564	0.040747	0.048526	0.056507	0.063889	0.069172	0.074088	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.017560	0.021123	0.026053	0.032190	0.039228	0.046801	0.054578	0.061798	0.067145	0.072093	0.0
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.088321	0.103915	0.126693	0.155980	0.189882	0.226567	0.264393	0.299218	0.323060	0.345182	0.0
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.014010	0.016505	0.019881	0.024124	0.029017	0.034300	0.039724	0.044782	0.048553	0.052029	0.0
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.016032	0.018779	0.022728	0.027779	0.033667	0.040095	0.046755	0.052978	0.057509	0.061768	0.0
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.014514	0.017407	0.021405	0.026386	0.032123	0.038346	0.044789	0.050865	0.055478	0.059789	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	7.681407	10.134659	12.43897	14.6052	16.796381	18.770357	20.78606	22.656321	24.272221	26.130962	0.0

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10	Missing fraction
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.026453	0.031784	0.039595	0.049382	0.060495	0.072240	0.084039	0.094670	0.102043	0.108713	0.0
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.024488	0.030175	0.038233	0.048080	0.059076	0.070587	0.082145	0.092549	0.099948	0.106637	0.0

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	2.305398	5.104283	8.53033	12.669025	17.576649	23.233875	29.569273	36.416519	43.656284