Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.5.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open XiHe forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.xihe()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 2TB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                         latitude: 2041, longitude: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6
  * latitude            (latitude) float32 8kB -80.0 -79.92 ... 89.92 90.0
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float32 17kB -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[ns] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:              CF-1.8
    challenger:               xihe
    forecast_reference_time:  2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:   challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:   xihe

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 2041
  • longitude: 4320
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940000e-01, 2.645700e+00, 5.078200e+00, 7.929600e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581010e+01, 2.159880e+01, 2.944470e+01, 4.034410e+01, 5.576430e+01,
           7.785390e+01, 9.232610e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    -80.0 -79.92 -79.83 ... 89.92 90.0

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-80.      , -79.916664, -79.833336, ...,  89.83334 ,  89.91667 ,
            90.      ], shape=(2041,), dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-180.     , -179.91667, -179.83333, ...,  179.75   ,  179.83334,
            179.91669], shape=(4320,), dtype=float32)

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[ns]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 17.08 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 37440 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49399998784065247,   2.645699977874756,   5.078199863433838,
             7.929599761962891,  11.404999732971191,  15.810099601745605,
            21.598800659179688,  29.444700241088867,   40.34410095214844,
             55.76430130004883,   77.85389709472656,   92.32610321044922,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([             -80.0, -79.91666412353516, -79.83333587646484,
                       -79.75, -79.66666412353516, -79.58333587646484,
                        -79.5, -79.41666412353516, -79.33333587646484,
                       -79.25,
           ...
                        89.25,  89.33334350585938,  89.41667175292969,
                         89.5,  89.58334350585938,  89.66667175292969,
                        89.75,  89.83334350585938,  89.91667175292969,
                         90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=2041))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([            -180.0, -179.9166717529297, -179.8333282470703,
                      -179.75, -179.6666717529297, -179.5833282470703,
                       -179.5, -179.4166717529297, -179.3333282470703,
                      -179.25,
           ...
           179.16668701171875,             179.25, 179.33334350585938,
           179.41668701171875,              179.5, 179.58334350585938,
           179.66668701171875,             179.75, 179.83334350585938,
           179.91668701171875],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=4320))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (5)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  xihe

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  xihe

Evaluation configuration

region = 'ibi'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.061756	0.069219	0.076458	0.066723	0.068172	0.076155	0.071382	0.073297	0.081594	0.077499
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.489713	0.541835	0.559261	0.561408	0.578014	0.590226	0.606263	0.625932	0.658548	0.668416
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.273586	0.282729	0.280201	0.283543	0.292382	0.289958	0.285254	0.285341	0.298595	0.296013
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.101142	0.098607	0.098647	0.098652	0.096266	0.094950	0.092266	0.091687	0.090522	0.091019
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.103793	0.102659	0.103028	0.101791	0.100990	0.099932	0.098476	0.098891	0.097515	0.096387
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.614948	0.670063	0.664760	0.635163	0.633566	0.632816	0.644295	0.633018	0.659885	0.629907
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.185054	0.190475	0.182961	0.181656	0.184822	0.177509	0.177345	0.170362	0.183349	0.175207
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.092729	0.089722	0.088351	0.086820	0.085283	0.084045	0.081809	0.081137	0.079113	0.078723
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.095315	0.092000	0.090556	0.089020	0.087515	0.086319	0.084014	0.083345	0.081538	0.081029
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.649368	0.722391	0.755973	0.713667	0.666181	0.651420	0.701251	0.657823	0.682197	0.645924
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.177804	0.182925	0.181053	0.185306	0.179176	0.174521	0.175664	0.174970	0.181229	0.176214
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.088029	0.085429	0.084213	0.081756	0.080224	0.079226	0.076981	0.076476	0.074333	0.073975
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.089703	0.086690	0.085323	0.083106	0.081576	0.080471	0.078408	0.078065	0.076383	0.075796
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.682109	0.664831	0.697233	0.651390	0.632898	0.595076	0.611786	0.602286	0.584897	0.634620
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.133448	0.133914	0.134114	0.132141	0.129644	0.126035	0.124193	0.123480	0.120923	0.124500
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.078687	0.082467	0.081135	0.078569	0.078226	0.075870	0.075960	0.075377	0.072942	0.070966
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.079715	0.083355	0.081993	0.079268	0.079338	0.076961	0.077092	0.076717	0.074202	0.071970
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.568645	0.530091	0.547599	0.521772	0.533576	0.504393	0.512731	0.516715	0.528423	0.511378
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.104703	0.107727	0.105550	0.104682	0.104397	0.101281	0.100494	0.100709	0.098847	0.097949
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.078278	0.082393	0.080889	0.078360	0.078051	0.076095	0.075935	0.075341	0.072939	0.070951
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.079779	0.083441	0.082086	0.079302	0.079452	0.077340	0.077387	0.077002	0.074476	0.072220
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.403429	0.399381	0.377430	0.378122	0.378282	0.350423	0.359186	0.367195	0.395053	0.352335
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.090441	0.100857	0.094021	0.093869	0.093033	0.088379	0.088716	0.088258	0.089016	0.086016
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.080876	0.085664	0.083577	0.081235	0.080293	0.078553	0.077813	0.076968	0.074915	0.073103
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.082668	0.087221	0.085136	0.082565	0.082053	0.079939	0.079241	0.078607	0.076443	0.074417

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	65.175102	60.418049	60.181843	62.731575	60.109596	60.287075	65.993767	63.554794	67.666794	63.808025

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.119867	0.126800	0.124279	0.126792	0.130416	0.131888	0.131825	0.134312	0.134216	0.132715
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.109304	0.112598	0.111884	0.113995	0.113751	0.116933	0.115782	0.118235	0.117620	0.114390

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.511233	0.569689	0.653862	0.553534	0.590009	0.664890	0.804579	0.622234	0.672835	0.747635
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.508184	0.579043	0.622407	0.615044	0.634798	0.654707	0.682915	0.688251	0.738210	0.675016
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.688002	0.769576	0.754810	0.765735	0.808985	0.799468	0.866195	0.796873	0.817316	0.812511
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.401828	0.441885	0.369682	0.490690	0.492829	0.456757	0.457364	0.390770	0.421113	0.377336
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.381602	0.423274	0.276770	0.392503	0.394523	0.410134	0.423746	0.385466	0.459792	0.327365
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.659683	0.848857	0.833316	0.648394	0.607783	0.710004	0.611113	0.668764	0.857195	0.855076
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.279200	0.326138	0.331796	0.281474	0.302443	0.308254	0.290454	0.295447	0.340846	0.352013
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.141417	0.136562	0.133562	0.130448	0.158990	0.146923	0.154949	0.143621	0.134328	0.152859
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.088933	0.102719	0.089930	0.085469	0.089992	0.086009	0.087960	0.089045	0.099829	0.088769
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.054364	0.053120	0.053903	0.052718	0.051722	0.052910	0.055055	0.055589	0.059305	0.060801
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.218651	0.221273	0.219920	0.217163	0.203986	0.217579	0.211674	0.219291	0.221806	0.220097
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.184747	0.184839	0.182900	0.179079	0.180028	0.178521	0.181455	0.182270	0.182444	0.183612

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	9.321043	18.025955	25.997831	33.201645	39.739861	45.737236	51.36301	56.724934

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.039271	0.045292	0.049466	0.054128	0.055514	0.054715	0.051158	0.052716	0.057987	0.058325
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.434600	0.478591	0.501181	0.523222	0.556219	0.600094	0.591973	0.643977	0.657021	0.671555
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.178422	0.194087	0.198457	0.212669	0.225326	0.235830	0.228652	0.238712	0.249039	0.249905
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.046687	0.055803	0.063538	0.070084	0.073600	0.076855	0.079608	0.083157	0.085819	0.087742
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.049110	0.059627	0.067847	0.072495	0.077680	0.081579	0.086161	0.090395	0.092777	0.093115
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.476149	0.523624	0.525811	0.558787	0.582486	0.624697	0.630873	0.660901	0.642755	0.669710
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.110253	0.114959	0.112113	0.117965	0.124382	0.129633	0.128187	0.132147	0.136266	0.136352
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.031405	0.040828	0.048332	0.054938	0.060698	0.064419	0.068710	0.072895	0.074998	0.076880
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.032187	0.041281	0.049402	0.056158	0.061613	0.066078	0.070581	0.074828	0.076842	0.078516
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.431917	0.446276	0.458963	0.457042	0.486079	0.526614	0.515734	0.562133	0.543853	0.567381
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.111730	0.116063	0.117921	0.127867	0.129332	0.132446	0.136111	0.139743	0.139747	0.144203
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.028255	0.037063	0.044399	0.050579	0.056229	0.060483	0.064667	0.068376	0.070280	0.072244
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.028813	0.037691	0.044928	0.050987	0.056519	0.061157	0.065348	0.069348	0.071492	0.073132
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.339342	0.332774	0.329713	0.377214	0.367192	0.379188	0.387271	0.386925	0.386939	0.382108
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.070817	0.077571	0.067963	0.079471	0.078193	0.078937	0.084164	0.084345	0.084184	0.080768
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.036994	0.028853	0.033349	0.040164	0.043973	0.048408	0.053802	0.057571	0.059403	0.061120
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.037079	0.029372	0.033878	0.040886	0.044511	0.049000	0.054260	0.058095	0.059985	0.061737
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.308272	0.310899	0.284321	0.333442	0.332718	0.331955	0.355877	0.352355	0.356103	0.330062
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.064312	0.070731	0.061935	0.068743	0.069668	0.069060	0.073317	0.074065	0.075917	0.070537
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.034448	0.027321	0.031858	0.038464	0.042305	0.046735	0.052060	0.055856	0.057764	0.059534
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.035352	0.028801	0.033134	0.040073	0.043586	0.047994	0.053142	0.056956	0.058851	0.060618
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.287446	0.317173	0.268380	0.329660	0.302923	0.303816	0.308003	0.307710	0.322495	0.296476
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.070553	0.078541	0.068496	0.074772	0.071986	0.068038	0.071337	0.072068	0.074016	0.069776
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.032355	0.028217	0.033240	0.040185	0.043893	0.047980	0.052999	0.056497	0.058415	0.060166
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.032956	0.029403	0.034179	0.041275	0.044789	0.048835	0.053865	0.057341	0.059263	0.060996

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	64.951073	60.350979	60.144474	62.938625	59.879189	59.826561	65.181709	63.156448	67.452202	63.601761

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.120062	0.126679	0.124459	0.126622	0.131021	0.133621	0.133501	0.137572	0.137561	0.135758
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.109158	0.113384	0.112553	0.115134	0.115806	0.119400	0.119217	0.122527	0.122132	0.119271

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	4.570074	9.600251	14.828068	20.086824	25.322161	30.584385	35.912304	41.186348