Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.5.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open WenHai forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.wenhai()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 2TB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                         latitude: 2041, longitude: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6
  * latitude            (latitude) float32 8kB -80.0 -79.92 ... 89.92 90.0
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float32 17kB -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[ns] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:              CF-1.8
    challenger:               wenhai
    forecast_reference_time:  2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:   challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:   wenhai

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 2041
  • longitude: 4320
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940250e-01, 2.645669e+00, 5.078224e+00, 7.929560e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581007e+01, 2.159882e+01, 2.944473e+01, 4.034405e+01, 5.576429e+01,
           7.785385e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    -80.0 -79.92 -79.83 ... 89.92 90.0

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-80.      , -79.916664, -79.833336, ...,  89.83334 ,  89.91667 ,
            90.      ], shape=(2041,), dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-180.     , -179.91667, -179.83333, ...,  179.75   ,  179.83334,
            179.91669], shape=(4320,), dtype=float32)

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[ns]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    longitudeg_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    longitudeg_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    longitudeg_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    longitudeg_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    longitudeg_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 17.08 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 37440 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,  2.6456689834594727,   5.078224182128906,
              7.92956018447876,  11.404999732971191,  15.810070037841797,
            21.598819732666016,  29.444730758666992,  40.344051361083984,
             55.76428985595703,   77.85385131835938,    92.3260726928711,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([             -80.0, -79.91666412353516, -79.83333587646484,
                       -79.75, -79.66666412353516, -79.58333587646484,
                        -79.5, -79.41666412353516, -79.33333587646484,
                       -79.25,
           ...
                        89.25,  89.33334350585938,  89.41667175292969,
                         89.5,  89.58334350585938,  89.66667175292969,
                        89.75,  89.83334350585938,  89.91667175292969,
                         90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=2041))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([            -180.0, -179.9166717529297, -179.8333282470703,
                      -179.75, -179.6666717529297, -179.5833282470703,
                       -179.5, -179.4166717529297, -179.3333282470703,
                      -179.25,
           ...
           179.16668701171875,             179.25, 179.33334350585938,
           179.41668701171875,              179.5, 179.58334350585938,
           179.66668701171875,             179.75, 179.83334350585938,
           179.91668701171875],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=4320))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (5)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  wenhai

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  wenhai

Evaluation configuration

region = 'ibi'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.060507	0.063747	0.063900	0.065107	0.066341	0.067287	0.067032	0.069022	0.072278	0.073670
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.448162	0.451603	0.452599	0.457546	0.464174	0.477960	0.490657	0.510004	0.530257	0.552260
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.256261	0.256651	0.257831	0.258607	0.260451	0.261938	0.264080	0.266851	0.267622	0.270736
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.097715	0.097314	0.097327	0.098219	0.098546	0.099376	0.100650	0.102148	0.104614	0.105954
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.101096	0.100450	0.100435	0.101783	0.102419	0.104294	0.105805	0.108332	0.110133	0.112426
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.696234	0.694345	0.693139	0.692383	0.693527	0.695928	0.699380	0.703309	0.705884	0.707723
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.191892	0.191481	0.191222	0.191166	0.191309	0.191612	0.192024	0.192490	0.192781	0.193112
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.093556	0.093163	0.093091	0.093335	0.093391	0.093550	0.093914	0.094466	0.094866	0.095339
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.096718	0.096195	0.096186	0.096288	0.096419	0.096671	0.097115	0.097608	0.097882	0.098362
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.740856	0.738882	0.737597	0.737049	0.737364	0.738484	0.740302	0.742412	0.743166	0.743647
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.196135	0.195461	0.195027	0.194912	0.194984	0.195198	0.195601	0.196041	0.196175	0.196392
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.089895	0.089501	0.089362	0.089404	0.089446	0.089522	0.089729	0.090015	0.090140	0.090405
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.092012	0.091626	0.091467	0.091490	0.091585	0.091763	0.092076	0.092371	0.092560	0.092682
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.659846	0.658638	0.657892	0.657623	0.657779	0.658392	0.659451	0.660458	0.660407	0.660316
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.136737	0.136545	0.136527	0.136657	0.136879	0.137207	0.137625	0.138036	0.138286	0.138519
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.084385	0.083979	0.083763	0.083627	0.083588	0.083604	0.083701	0.083831	0.083769	0.083746
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.085746	0.085430	0.085271	0.085237	0.085319	0.085470	0.085682	0.085919	0.085979	0.085997
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.539443	0.538454	0.537850	0.537595	0.537732	0.538169	0.538969	0.539792	0.539780	0.539698
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.105458	0.105341	0.105336	0.105419	0.105593	0.105825	0.106138	0.106436	0.106593	0.106744
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.083859	0.083384	0.083075	0.082853	0.082749	0.082698	0.082725	0.082783	0.082691	0.082607
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.085239	0.084833	0.084565	0.084436	0.084430	0.084493	0.084594	0.084755	0.084755	0.084706
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.397516	0.396841	0.396677	0.397031	0.397774	0.398780	0.400093	0.401459	0.402161	0.402920
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.091424	0.091334	0.091342	0.091424	0.091537	0.091708	0.091917	0.092090	0.092161	0.092252
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.086868	0.086136	0.085538	0.085088	0.084763	0.084499	0.084330	0.084193	0.083961	0.083726
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.088521	0.087863	0.087319	0.086925	0.086638	0.086434	0.086303	0.086231	0.086058	0.085879

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	30.256029	33.258934	35.519707	38.272545	40.570335	42.804398	45.00692	47.170959	48.824211	49.09676

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.091896	0.093085	0.094037	0.095906	0.097569	0.099463	0.101407	0.103458	0.105595	0.108107
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.091752	0.092084	0.092475	0.093334	0.094160	0.095145	0.096324	0.097461	0.098520	0.100189

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.477757	0.517166	0.586517	0.476392	0.500488	0.526825	0.751594	0.530867	0.565493	0.633361
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.421458	0.458195	0.399767	0.479860	0.484290	0.464155	0.565062	0.504765	0.578859	0.528861
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.653832	0.674225	0.682851	0.682514	0.769382	0.701467	0.758241	0.717472	0.734375	0.753165
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.292339	0.316352	0.319875	0.305261	0.327529	0.320402	0.340458	0.306291	0.340396	0.359426
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.252217	0.241441	0.231988	0.228328	0.242143	0.233656	0.257563	0.248834	0.266075	0.247318
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.668033	0.868521	0.853020	0.659528	0.627781	0.737732	0.638575	0.706206	0.897368	0.887945
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.272386	0.323225	0.333541	0.278086	0.299764	0.307661	0.292407	0.293338	0.348743	0.363429
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.113593	0.095760	0.118221	0.093132	0.133671	0.115157	0.130034	0.115999	0.115401	0.142641
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.044321	0.044749	0.047263	0.044586	0.050812	0.048139	0.056672	0.045572	0.049624	0.050896
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.049726	0.049534	0.051144	0.049016	0.048643	0.049629	0.051178	0.053218	0.056978	0.056534
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.217829	0.219851	0.219396	0.218733	0.205274	0.218904	0.212630	0.221442	0.223626	0.223475
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.184728	0.185335	0.183484	0.180217	0.183845	0.183597	0.185094	0.186735	0.188743	0.188867

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	8.922926	17.177767	24.75407	31.742558	38.199989	44.2934	50.085266	55.701023

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.020270	0.025679	0.027736	0.031722	0.034309	0.035453	0.036068	0.039623	0.044568	0.048848
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.154277	0.211865	0.246645	0.279149	0.307484	0.343057	0.373640	0.409092	0.442317	0.475926
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.056226	0.082523	0.101536	0.117048	0.130903	0.143706	0.156427	0.168210	0.177638	0.186630
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.036583	0.044288	0.049870	0.056748	0.062389	0.068426	0.074877	0.080904	0.087364	0.091010
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.038321	0.045618	0.051800	0.059019	0.065000	0.072497	0.079183	0.086803	0.092463	0.097356
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.172280	0.234735	0.286504	0.327229	0.362840	0.396994	0.429866	0.460087	0.478697	0.498341
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.036921	0.050307	0.061085	0.070199	0.078403	0.086276	0.093881	0.100976	0.106487	0.111712
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.026430	0.033695	0.040142	0.046671	0.052675	0.058227	0.064363	0.070012	0.074559	0.078331
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.027226	0.034266	0.041313	0.047892	0.053660	0.059763	0.066156	0.072084	0.076342	0.080304
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.135301	0.181456	0.220022	0.255330	0.289317	0.321655	0.352964	0.381558	0.400455	0.418263
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.035884	0.048783	0.059656	0.069249	0.078017	0.086204	0.093983	0.101213	0.106591	0.111640
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.022396	0.029673	0.036206	0.042354	0.048187	0.053975	0.059844	0.065143	0.069137	0.072851
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.022169	0.029908	0.036546	0.042849	0.048715	0.054658	0.060550	0.066031	0.070096	0.073688
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.109318	0.145238	0.175387	0.202361	0.228275	0.253597	0.278415	0.300784	0.315339	0.328819
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.026517	0.034539	0.041501	0.047533	0.053073	0.058313	0.063347	0.067825	0.070991	0.073920
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.018545	0.025226	0.031226	0.036986	0.042624	0.048243	0.053849	0.058927	0.062583	0.065796
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.018291	0.025266	0.031403	0.037155	0.042845	0.048548	0.054137	0.059246	0.062951	0.066191
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.093194	0.127928	0.156437	0.180952	0.203477	0.225010	0.246061	0.265180	0.278011	0.289796
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.022452	0.029384	0.035374	0.040483	0.045063	0.049298	0.053355	0.057008	0.059677	0.062154
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.017619	0.024323	0.030339	0.036055	0.041599	0.047078	0.052502	0.057424	0.061001	0.064133
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.017373	0.024336	0.030480	0.036183	0.041796	0.047340	0.052722	0.057662	0.061248	0.064394
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.077986	0.111812	0.139535	0.162809	0.183565	0.202850	0.221172	0.237329	0.248301	0.258411
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.021269	0.028173	0.034237	0.039338	0.043714	0.047685	0.051336	0.054497	0.056780	0.058879
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.017750	0.025505	0.032155	0.038059	0.043563	0.048799	0.053851	0.058404	0.061772	0.064759
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.017576	0.025569	0.032356	0.038298	0.043822	0.049078	0.054103	0.058653	0.062027	0.064990

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	22.873589	28.649366	32.73624	35.987606	38.568405	41.013252	43.121994	45.82869	47.815952	48.797153

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.029079	0.039899	0.047863	0.056344	0.063432	0.070410	0.077155	0.083304	0.088767	0.093778
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.025288	0.034630	0.042057	0.049461	0.055989	0.062216	0.068495	0.074225	0.079044	0.083590

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	3.260709	6.654899	10.271312	14.242874	18.553883	23.175127	28.08773	33.237717