Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.5.1'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open LangYa 1 degree interpolated challenger forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.langya_1_degree()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 11GB
Dimensions:                          (first_day_datetime: 52,
                                      lead_day_index: 7, depth: 32,
                                      latitude: 170, longitude: 360)
Coordinates:
  * depth                            (depth) float32 128B 0.494 1.541 ... 541.1
  * lead_day_index                   (lead_day_index) int64 56B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
  * first_day_datetime               (first_day_datetime) datetime64[ns] 416B ...
  * latitude                         (latitude) float64 1kB -79.5 -78.5 ... 89.5
  * longitude                        (longitude) float64 3kB -179.5 ... 179.5
Data variables:
    sea_water_salinity               (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_water_potential_temperature  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    eastward_sea_water_velocity      (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    northward_sea_water_velocity     (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_surface_height_above_geoid   (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 89MB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:                   CF-1.8
    challenger:                    langya
    forecast_reference_time:       2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:        challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:        langya
    oceanbench_source_resolution:  one_degree

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 7
  • depth: 32
  • latitude: 170
  • longitude: 360
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 1.541 2.646 ... 453.9 541.1

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940250e-01, 1.541375e+00, 2.645669e+00, 3.819495e+00, 5.078224e+00,
           6.440614e+00, 7.929560e+00, 9.572997e+00, 1.140500e+01, 1.346714e+01,
           1.581007e+01, 1.849556e+01, 2.159882e+01, 2.521141e+01, 2.944473e+01,
           3.443415e+01, 4.034405e+01, 4.737369e+01, 5.576429e+01, 6.580727e+01,
           7.785385e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02], dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[ns]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -79.5 -78.5 -77.5 ... 88.5 89.5

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           -69.5, -68.5, -67.5, -66.5, -65.5, -64.5, -63.5, -62.5, -61.5, -60.5,
           -59.5, -58.5, -57.5, -56.5, -55.5, -54.5, -53.5, -52.5, -51.5, -50.5,
           -49.5, -48.5, -47.5, -46.5, -45.5, -44.5, -43.5, -42.5, -41.5, -40.5,
           -39.5, -38.5, -37.5, -36.5, -35.5, -34.5, -33.5, -32.5, -31.5, -30.5,
           -29.5, -28.5, -27.5, -26.5, -25.5, -24.5, -23.5, -22.5, -21.5, -20.5,
           -19.5, -18.5, -17.5, -16.5, -15.5, -14.5, -13.5, -12.5, -11.5, -10.5,
            -9.5,  -8.5,  -7.5,  -6.5,  -5.5,  -4.5,  -3.5,  -2.5,  -1.5,  -0.5,
             0.5,   1.5,   2.5,   3.5,   4.5,   5.5,   6.5,   7.5,   8.5,   9.5,
            10.5,  11.5,  12.5,  13.5,  14.5,  15.5,  16.5,  17.5,  18.5,  19.5,
            20.5,  21.5,  22.5,  23.5,  24.5,  25.5,  26.5,  27.5,  28.5,  29.5,
            30.5,  31.5,  32.5,  33.5,  34.5,  35.5,  36.5,  37.5,  38.5,  39.5,
            40.5,  41.5,  42.5,  43.5,  44.5,  45.5,  46.5,  47.5,  48.5,  49.5,
            50.5,  51.5,  52.5,  53.5,  54.5,  55.5,  56.5,  57.5,  58.5,  59.5,
            60.5,  61.5,  62.5,  63.5,  64.5,  65.5,  66.5,  67.5,  68.5,  69.5,
            70.5,  71.5,  72.5,  73.5,  74.5,  75.5,  76.5,  77.5,  78.5,  79.5,
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    -179.5 -178.5 ... 178.5 179.5

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, ...,  177.5,  178.5,  179.5], shape=(360,))

• Data variables: (5)
  • sea_water_salinity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.66 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 7, 32, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11648 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_water_potential_temperature
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.66 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 7, 32, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11648 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • eastward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.66 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 7, 32, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11648 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • northward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.66 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 7, 32, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11648 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_surface_height_above_geoid
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 84.98 MiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 7, 170, 360) (1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 364 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,  1.5413750410079956,  2.6456689834594727,
            3.8194949626922607,   5.078224182128906,   6.440614223480225,
              7.92956018447876,   9.572997093200684,  11.404999732971191,
            13.467140197753906,  15.810070037841797,  18.495559692382812,
            21.598819732666016,  25.211410522460938,  29.444730758666992,
             34.43415069580078,  40.344051361083984,   47.37369155883789,
             55.76428985595703,   65.80726623535156,   77.85385131835938,
              92.3260726928711,  109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,
            155.85069274902344,  186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,
             266.0403137207031,   318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,
             453.9377136230469,   541.0889282226562],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           ...
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5],
          dtype='float64', name='latitude', length=170))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, -176.5, -175.5, -174.5, -173.5, -172.5, -171.5,
           -170.5,
           ...
            170.5,  171.5,  172.5,  173.5,  174.5,  175.5,  176.5,  177.5,  178.5,
            179.5],
          dtype='float64', name='longitude', length=360))

• Attributes: (6)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  langya

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  langya

  oceanbench_source_resolution :

  one_degree

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.071948	0.073765	0.072682	0.073612	0.074616	0.078301	0.080895
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.687480	0.670944	0.575140	0.587761	0.600578	0.649180	0.708023
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.600089	0.604544	0.606790	0.611031	0.614765	0.620610	0.625717
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.134074	0.133320	0.132901	0.133077	0.132954	0.143294	0.148436
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.138145	0.138420	0.138858	0.139207	0.139345	0.148425	0.153071
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.949769	0.949542	0.918200	0.921442	0.923561	0.967363	1.000948
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.252484	0.253597	0.253272	0.254044	0.254956	0.258132	0.260607
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.121127	0.120552	0.122053	0.121915	0.121640	0.130155	0.134431
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.123826	0.123997	0.125754	0.125688	0.125349	0.132579	0.136632
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	1.110214	1.110665	1.107782	1.112947	1.116796	1.152960	1.178341
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.199223	0.199458	0.199544	0.200021	0.200618	0.202523	0.203754
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.117517	0.117066	0.118722	0.118504	0.118017	0.124952	0.128469
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.123848	0.123787	0.125143	0.124794	0.124404	0.130533	0.133538
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.914620	0.915095	0.917048	0.918596	0.920715	0.936560	0.946413
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.162880	0.162960	0.163108	0.163333	0.163710	0.165058	0.165936
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.114515	0.114470	0.116353	0.115893	0.115146	0.118820	0.120097
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.121401	0.121387	0.123191	0.122410	0.121532	0.125276	0.126291
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.771622	0.771739	0.773725	0.774894	0.776624	0.789840	0.797457
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.135670	0.135673	0.135832	0.136012	0.136331	0.137494	0.138267
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.111979	0.111920	0.113826	0.113260	0.112484	0.115723	0.116635
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.116958	0.116945	0.118780	0.118014	0.117147	0.120258	0.120952
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.592971	0.593515	0.596164	0.597853	0.599917	0.609426	0.616115
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.102772	0.102825	0.103059	0.103332	0.103633	0.104350	0.104985
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.102715	0.102751	0.104296	0.103679	0.102945	0.105835	0.106528
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.107604	0.107644	0.109259	0.108646	0.107997	0.110294	0.110718

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	41.291308	40.01926	37.16298	38.086579	38.861559	40.343104	41.573646

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.067564	0.068184	0.063015	0.064197	0.065529	0.072455	0.079133
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.071068	0.073331	0.066109	0.066978	0.068128	0.075240	0.082337

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.898257	0.894901	0.782875	0.809546	0.830388	0.897499	0.934705
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.887546	0.877973	0.820860	0.845580	0.840377	0.904578	0.954535
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.952774	0.926320	0.892032	0.916379	0.893982	0.942566	0.972951
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.830956	0.835784	0.823023	0.826580	0.841993	0.844308	0.873536
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.581505	0.585744	0.573763	0.586839	0.589766	0.604524	0.614262
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.251525	0.275902	0.274904	0.302654	0.270790	0.284402	0.276976
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.196195	0.198929	0.205541	0.201989	0.204762	0.207436	0.208859
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.129235	0.129375	0.130155	0.128986	0.131676	0.130948	0.137024
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.085597	0.085888	0.084058	0.087101	0.087313	0.087855	0.090306
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.053496	0.054796	0.053084	0.054544	0.055555	0.059346	0.061634
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.217025	0.216395	0.217470	0.218164	0.215979	0.217290	0.221112
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.196493	0.195703	0.195648	0.197760	0.197227	0.199165	0.200453

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	11.390679	20.596907	28.649626	36.230354	43.580811

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.029426	0.034085	0.033044	0.036850	0.040617	0.049359	0.053804
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.458592	0.461160	0.352515	0.398512	0.438594	0.525644	0.601575
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.120477	0.174180	0.205199	0.230262	0.248669	0.269380	0.286184
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.103800	0.101247	0.089270	0.096241	0.102972	0.127020	0.139182
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.102081	0.102814	0.092444	0.099560	0.106719	0.129067	0.141545
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.416823	0.476352	0.474711	0.523162	0.569081	0.665142	0.733963
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.066342	0.091059	0.106980	0.120727	0.132376	0.146199	0.156162
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.081184	0.079146	0.071132	0.077907	0.084390	0.108316	0.120132
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.076302	0.077733	0.072928	0.079678	0.086379	0.107934	0.119464
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.404072	0.474759	0.499573	0.558608	0.613747	0.722462	0.799455
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.053209	0.073626	0.088669	0.101312	0.111624	0.122980	0.130897
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.071641	0.071062	0.065093	0.071580	0.078106	0.100168	0.111210
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.067260	0.070519	0.068582	0.075347	0.081855	0.100973	0.111068
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.275911	0.332942	0.371636	0.424654	0.471626	0.551315	0.602068
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.040537	0.057766	0.070921	0.081902	0.090860	0.100487	0.107508
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.057474	0.057650	0.053565	0.059724	0.065812	0.084422	0.094006
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.051444	0.053803	0.053172	0.059561	0.065640	0.082239	0.090697
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.225699	0.278450	0.318881	0.366489	0.407970	0.476359	0.519029
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.033422	0.048317	0.059760	0.069057	0.076675	0.084889	0.090999
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.052958	0.053503	0.050273	0.056325	0.062252	0.079506	0.088593
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.047130	0.049283	0.048688	0.054904	0.060738	0.076211	0.084361
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.160158	0.209993	0.250012	0.290486	0.325374	0.376127	0.410306
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.023422	0.035404	0.044661	0.052052	0.058033	0.063769	0.068379
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.044449	0.046845	0.046341	0.052302	0.057886	0.071423	0.079191
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.038813	0.042902	0.044911	0.051041	0.056598	0.068492	0.075305

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	32.072664	31.470548	27.144631	29.338532	31.048488	33.517604	36.275939

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.047597	0.050555	0.040982	0.044004	0.047792	0.060422	0.070659
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.055077	0.062456	0.051213	0.053046	0.056249	0.066955	0.076810

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	7.984917	13.612669	18.047113	22.775791	27.894413