Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.5.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open HClimRep (WeatherGenerator) 1 degree interpolated challenger forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.hclimrep_1_degree()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 5GB
Dimensions:                          (first_day_datetime: 52,
                                      lead_day_index: 10, depth: 9,
                                      latitude: 168, longitude: 360)
Coordinates:
  * depth                            (depth) float64 72B 0.494 47.37 ... 541.1
  * lead_day_index                   (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 ... 7 8 9
  * first_day_datetime               (first_day_datetime) datetime64[ns] 416B ...
  * latitude                         (latitude) float64 1kB -77.5 -76.5 ... 89.5
  * longitude                        (longitude) float64 3kB -179.5 ... 179.5
Data variables:
    sea_water_salinity               (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 1GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_water_potential_temperature  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 1GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    eastward_sea_water_velocity      (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 1GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    northward_sea_water_velocity     (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 1GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_surface_height_above_geoid   (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 126MB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:                                        CF-1.8
    area:                                               Global
    challenger:                                         hclimrep
    institution:                                        ECMWF
    references:                                         https://huggingface.c...
    source:                                             WeatherGenerator infe...
    title:                                              WeatherGenerator GLOR...
    oceanbench_reference_depth_grid_rounding_decimals:  3
    oceanbench_reference_target_depths_m:               [0.494, 47.374, 92.32...
    oceanbench_source_kind:                             challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:                             hclimrep
    oceanbench_source_resolution:                       one_degree

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 9
  • latitude: 168
  • longitude: 360
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float64
    0.494 47.37 92.33 ... 453.9 541.1

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.94025e-01, 4.73737e+01, 9.23261e+01, 1.55851e+02, 2.22475e+02,
           3.18127e+02, 3.80213e+02, 4.53938e+02, 5.41089e+02])

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[ns]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -77.5 -76.5 -75.5 ... 88.5 89.5

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5, -69.5, -68.5,
           -67.5, -66.5, -65.5, -64.5, -63.5, -62.5, -61.5, -60.5, -59.5, -58.5,
           -57.5, -56.5, -55.5, -54.5, -53.5, -52.5, -51.5, -50.5, -49.5, -48.5,
           -47.5, -46.5, -45.5, -44.5, -43.5, -42.5, -41.5, -40.5, -39.5, -38.5,
           -37.5, -36.5, -35.5, -34.5, -33.5, -32.5, -31.5, -30.5, -29.5, -28.5,
           -27.5, -26.5, -25.5, -24.5, -23.5, -22.5, -21.5, -20.5, -19.5, -18.5,
           -17.5, -16.5, -15.5, -14.5, -13.5, -12.5, -11.5, -10.5,  -9.5,  -8.5,
            -7.5,  -6.5,  -5.5,  -4.5,  -3.5,  -2.5,  -1.5,  -0.5,   0.5,   1.5,
             2.5,   3.5,   4.5,   5.5,   6.5,   7.5,   8.5,   9.5,  10.5,  11.5,
            12.5,  13.5,  14.5,  15.5,  16.5,  17.5,  18.5,  19.5,  20.5,  21.5,
            22.5,  23.5,  24.5,  25.5,  26.5,  27.5,  28.5,  29.5,  30.5,  31.5,
            32.5,  33.5,  34.5,  35.5,  36.5,  37.5,  38.5,  39.5,  40.5,  41.5,
            42.5,  43.5,  44.5,  45.5,  46.5,  47.5,  48.5,  49.5,  50.5,  51.5,
            52.5,  53.5,  54.5,  55.5,  56.5,  57.5,  58.5,  59.5,  60.5,  61.5,
            62.5,  63.5,  64.5,  65.5,  66.5,  67.5,  68.5,  69.5,  70.5,  71.5,
            72.5,  73.5,  74.5,  75.5,  76.5,  77.5,  78.5,  79.5,  80.5,  81.5,
            82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    -179.5 -178.5 ... 178.5 179.5

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, ...,  177.5,  178.5,  179.5], shape=(360,))

• Data variables: (5)
  • sea_water_salinity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 1.05 GiB 236.25 kiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 168, 360) (1, 1, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_water_potential_temperature
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 1.05 GiB 236.25 kiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 168, 360) (1, 1, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • eastward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 1.05 GiB 236.25 kiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 168, 360) (1, 1, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • northward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 1.05 GiB 236.25 kiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 168, 360) (1, 1, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_surface_height_above_geoid
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 119.97 MiB 236.25 kiB Shape (52, 10, 168, 360) (1, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 520 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.494025,  47.3737,  92.3261,  155.851,  222.475,  318.127,  380.213,
            453.938,  541.089],
          dtype='float64', name='depth'))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5, -69.5, -68.5,
           ...
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5],
          dtype='float64', name='latitude', length=168))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, -176.5, -175.5, -174.5, -173.5, -172.5, -171.5,
           -170.5,
           ...
            170.5,  171.5,  172.5,  173.5,  174.5,  175.5,  176.5,  177.5,  178.5,
            179.5],
          dtype='float64', name='longitude', length=360))

• Attributes: (12)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  area :

  Global

  challenger :

  hclimrep

  institution :

  ECMWF

  references :

  https://huggingface.co/datasets/kacpnowak/hclimrep-ocean-oceanbench

  source :

  WeatherGenerator inference, stream GLORYS

  title :

  WeatherGenerator GLORYS forecast (OceanBench challenger)

  oceanbench_reference_depth_grid_rounding_decimals :

  3

  oceanbench_reference_target_depths_m :

  [0.494, 47.374, 92.326, 155.851, 222.475, 318.127, 380.213, 453.938, 541.089]

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  hclimrep

  oceanbench_source_resolution :

  one_degree

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.057352	0.056107	0.055555	0.056141	0.056785	0.057802	0.058650	0.059955	0.060397	0.061170
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.567352	0.569612	0.569515	0.575039	0.581723	0.590824	0.604880	0.618287	0.628391	0.639344
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.394930	0.388211	0.384251	0.381960	0.380469	0.379101	0.378548	0.377976	0.376984	0.377028
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.113387	0.115178	0.117270	0.118955	0.120308	0.121553	0.123132	0.124591	0.125109	0.125766
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.113531	0.115825	0.118249	0.120315	0.122122	0.123738	0.125547	0.127245	0.128087	0.128793
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.801931	0.792745	0.783485	0.778989	0.775144	0.776351	0.782580	0.791293	0.794267	0.800941
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.204475	0.202708	0.201182	0.200226	0.199436	0.198944	0.198951	0.198957	0.198663	0.198689
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.106167	0.106143	0.106497	0.106987	0.107617	0.108391	0.109438	0.110571	0.110950	0.111486
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.106508	0.106376	0.106642	0.107092	0.107628	0.108444	0.109692	0.110977	0.111521	0.112191
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.948709	0.937800	0.931105	0.927683	0.922891	0.922558	0.925393	0.929475	0.929070	0.932993
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.166818	0.165447	0.164426	0.163883	0.163473	0.163031	0.162916	0.162757	0.162251	0.161938
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.102495	0.102029	0.101980	0.102092	0.102322	0.102743	0.103464	0.104247	0.104413	0.104716
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.107107	0.106505	0.106217	0.106060	0.106080	0.106277	0.106873	0.107729	0.108047	0.108473
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.770450	0.766324	0.762550	0.760038	0.757850	0.756846	0.757395	0.758320	0.756064	0.756943
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.137401	0.136356	0.135554	0.134877	0.134294	0.133650	0.133263	0.132751	0.131908	0.131310
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.097649	0.097008	0.096741	0.096561	0.096344	0.096167	0.096232	0.096216	0.096014	0.095893
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.104403	0.103317	0.102853	0.102370	0.102003	0.101732	0.101634	0.101630	0.101282	0.101155
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.642551	0.634451	0.629606	0.627665	0.626036	0.625345	0.626607	0.628513	0.627185	0.627467
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.112793	0.111876	0.111045	0.110399	0.109812	0.109078	0.108615	0.108131	0.107275	0.106722
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.093792	0.093200	0.092911	0.092602	0.092289	0.091980	0.091879	0.091704	0.091327	0.091118
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.098780	0.098034	0.097731	0.097357	0.097055	0.096812	0.096715	0.096610	0.096312	0.096188
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.495427	0.489505	0.486444	0.485520	0.484446	0.483719	0.485175	0.486919	0.486036	0.486700
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.084535	0.083835	0.083230	0.082824	0.082417	0.081923	0.081592	0.081239	0.080526	0.080137
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.082840	0.082298	0.081939	0.081526	0.081149	0.080762	0.080516	0.080179	0.079784	0.079522
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.087639	0.086982	0.086611	0.086197	0.085855	0.085536	0.085352	0.085122	0.084777	0.084603

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	52.244521	51.948379	51.992549	52.099829	52.292365	52.463095	52.45913	52.392263	52.259411	52.332543

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.072203	0.070983	0.070793	0.070553	0.070504	0.070778	0.071246	0.071885	0.072311	0.072915
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.072573	0.071262	0.071194	0.070888	0.071289	0.071511	0.072320	0.073402	0.074430	0.075610

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.802072	0.843287	0.807602	0.826092	0.844363	0.888601	0.894715	0.903530	0.936127	0.905190
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.829555	0.833111	0.857288	0.868720	0.872673	0.893856	0.919681	0.886918	0.892557	0.927312
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	1.037758	1.025804	1.018533	1.033734	1.026764	1.039615	1.060630	1.056026	1.063282	1.075093
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.878895	0.878054	0.874884	0.886160	0.900367	0.893507	0.915553	0.915505	0.925362	0.932932
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.594017	0.597772	0.592657	0.601211	0.604947	0.609916	0.621266	0.617630	0.625672	0.628043
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.261128	0.271486	0.269135	0.278634	0.261669	0.267065	0.258017	0.259570	0.284712	0.286458
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.231385	0.241329	0.238946	0.216130	0.259617	0.227904	0.224888	0.231674	0.245874	0.240555
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.127695	0.127659	0.129094	0.127906	0.130656	0.128999	0.134351	0.130316	0.132197	0.136036
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.082587	0.081898	0.080775	0.082186	0.082345	0.081730	0.084626	0.084051	0.083702	0.085022
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.060519	0.062212	0.063733	0.064930	0.066439	0.067639	0.069062	0.069760	0.071456	0.072304
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.207055	0.207736	0.211102	0.211984	0.211022	0.211601	0.214290	0.215528	0.214808	0.216577
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.187968	0.189255	0.191237	0.194251	0.194164	0.195526	0.195781	0.197519	0.197040	0.197601

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	9.27058	17.147251	24.238832	30.866045	37.17894	43.278339	49.241146	55.094673

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.039467	0.043247	0.046534	0.049026	0.052152	0.054728	0.057181	0.059462	0.061079	0.062146
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.433698	0.440256	0.452075	0.469507	0.488734	0.509495	0.532643	0.555378	0.570185	0.586096
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.349773	0.357682	0.365124	0.373002	0.379663	0.388062	0.397176	0.406442	0.413889	0.421041
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.073073	0.081157	0.088376	0.095010	0.101230	0.106872	0.113128	0.118320	0.121021	0.123385
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.075462	0.084169	0.091312	0.097919	0.104253	0.110401	0.116164	0.121907	0.125238	0.127698
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.571713	0.581655	0.594243	0.610985	0.634292	0.660913	0.687448	0.711726	0.727182	0.741251
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.147152	0.151554	0.154411	0.157523	0.161544	0.166234	0.170676	0.174846	0.177724	0.180301
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.065415	0.069051	0.073303	0.078102	0.083305	0.088817	0.094692	0.100026	0.102927	0.105439
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.068102	0.071763	0.075807	0.080478	0.085536	0.091052	0.096926	0.102267	0.105505	0.108177
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.595552	0.604272	0.618023	0.638678	0.667347	0.698191	0.731265	0.761987	0.782172	0.798844
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.111452	0.113022	0.114709	0.116945	0.119896	0.123279	0.126880	0.130354	0.132494	0.134513
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.064240	0.066917	0.070177	0.074144	0.078782	0.083787	0.089032	0.093876	0.096621	0.098860
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.066754	0.069397	0.072447	0.076274	0.080634	0.085459	0.090567	0.095411	0.098507	0.101062
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.468102	0.473901	0.485801	0.503556	0.524221	0.546962	0.573453	0.598772	0.614717	0.628817
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.081110	0.082287	0.083902	0.086263	0.089093	0.092304	0.095887	0.099219	0.101446	0.103471
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.059080	0.061224	0.063822	0.067223	0.071201	0.075521	0.080040	0.084279	0.086762	0.088851
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.059222	0.061507	0.064180	0.067476	0.071196	0.075374	0.079685	0.083867	0.086584	0.088940
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.401069	0.411652	0.424104	0.438189	0.455645	0.475513	0.497694	0.518642	0.532339	0.544026
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.069161	0.070184	0.071834	0.073925	0.076433	0.079317	0.082312	0.085148	0.087110	0.088891
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.057542	0.059390	0.061756	0.064928	0.068680	0.072735	0.076965	0.081011	0.083436	0.085474
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.057486	0.059412	0.061744	0.064751	0.068189	0.072043	0.076052	0.079956	0.082462	0.084672
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.335543	0.340760	0.347780	0.356783	0.369604	0.385073	0.401537	0.417765	0.428133	0.437301
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.055081	0.055599	0.056413	0.057630	0.059204	0.061070	0.063109	0.065115	0.066443	0.067665
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.057345	0.058683	0.060402	0.062810	0.065641	0.068775	0.072153	0.075392	0.077419	0.079111
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.056621	0.058089	0.059841	0.062121	0.064799	0.067838	0.071016	0.074167	0.076307	0.078160

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	48.75951	49.082266	49.464752	49.621668	49.94121	50.168827	50.257807	50.195016	50.197563	50.038938

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.058000	0.057615	0.058088	0.058783	0.059689	0.061205	0.063293	0.065376	0.066456	0.067447
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.059358	0.058660	0.059400	0.060792	0.062265	0.064300	0.066240	0.068641	0.070076	0.071859

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	6.205775	11.768396	16.940289	21.952724	26.941984	31.997896	37.170254	42.45874