Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.5.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

"""OceanBench challenger hclimrep: WeatherGenerator ft0818 global ocean forecasts.

Source: https://huggingface.co/datasets/kacpnowak/hclimrep-ocean-oceanbench
Store: ft0818/wg_ft0818_B1.zarr, downloaded to local disk and rechunked to
(1, 1, 1, 672, 1440) without any change to the values.
"""
import xarray

CHALLENGER_ZARR = "/mnt/shared/jseillade/hclimrep/store/wg_ft0818_B1.zarr"

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = xarray.open_zarr(CHALLENGER_ZARR, consolidated=True)

assert challenger_dataset.sizes["first_day_datetime"] == 52
assert challenger_dataset.sizes["lead_day_index"] == 10
assert challenger_dataset.sizes["depth"] == 9
assert challenger_dataset.sizes["latitude"] == 672
assert challenger_dataset.sizes["longitude"] == 1440

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 74GB
Dimensions:             (depth: 9, first_day_datetime: 52, latitude: 672,
                         lead_day_index: 10, longitude: 1440)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float64 72B 0.494 47.37 92.33 ... 453.9 541.1
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[ns] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
  * latitude            (latitude) float64 5kB -78.0 -77.75 -77.5 ... 89.5 89.75
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int32 40B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float64 12kB -180.0 -179.8 ... 179.5 179.8
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 2GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    oceanbench_reference_depth_grid_rounding_decimals:  3
    oceanbench_reference_target_depths_m:               [0.494, 47.374, 92.32...
    source:                                             WeatherGenerator infe...
    title:                                              WeatherGenerator GLOR...

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • depth: 9
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • latitude: 672
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • longitude: 1440
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float64
    0.494 47.37 92.33 ... 453.9 541.1

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.94025e-01, 4.73737e+01, 9.23261e+01, 1.55851e+02, 2.22475e+02,
           3.18127e+02, 3.80213e+02, 4.53938e+02, 5.41089e+02])

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[ns]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -78.0 -77.75 -77.5 ... 89.5 89.75

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-78.  , -77.75, -77.5 , ...,  89.25,  89.5 ,  89.75], shape=(672,))

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int32
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    description :

    0 = first forecast day (= first_day_datetime)

    long_name :

    forecast lead day index

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype=int32)

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    -180.0 -179.8 ... 179.5 179.8

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-180.  , -179.75, -179.5 , ...,  179.25,  179.5 ,  179.75],
          shape=(1440,))

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 16.87 GiB 3.69 MiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 672, 1440) (1, 1, 1, 672, 1440) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 2 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 16.87 GiB 3.69 MiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 672, 1440) (1, 1, 1, 672, 1440) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 2 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 16.87 GiB 3.69 MiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 672, 1440) (1, 1, 1, 672, 1440) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 2 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 16.87 GiB 3.69 MiB Shape (52, 10, 9, 672, 1440) (1, 1, 1, 672, 1440) Dask graph 4680 chunks in 2 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 1.87 GiB 3.69 MiB Shape (52, 10, 672, 1440) (1, 1, 672, 1440) Dask graph 520 chunks in 2 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.494025,  47.3737,  92.3261,  155.851,  222.475,  318.127,  380.213,
            453.938,  541.089],
          dtype='float64', name='depth'))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[ns]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([ -78.0, -77.75,  -77.5, -77.25,  -77.0, -76.75,  -76.5, -76.25,  -76.0,
           -75.75,
           ...
             87.5,  87.75,   88.0,  88.25,   88.5,  88.75,   89.0,  89.25,   89.5,
            89.75],
          dtype='float64', name='latitude', length=672))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int32', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([ -180.0, -179.75,  -179.5, -179.25,  -179.0, -178.75,  -178.5, -178.25,
            -178.0, -177.75,
           ...
             177.5,  177.75,   178.0,  178.25,   178.5,  178.75,   179.0,  179.25,
             179.5,  179.75],
          dtype='float64', name='longitude', length=1440))

• Attributes: (4)

  oceanbench_reference_depth_grid_rounding_decimals :

  3

  oceanbench_reference_target_depths_m :

  [0.494, 47.374, 92.326, 155.851, 222.475, 318.127, 380.213, 453.938, 541.089]

  source :

  WeatherGenerator inference, stream GLORYS

  title :

  WeatherGenerator GLORYS forecast (OceanBench challenger)

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.057430	0.056202	0.055683	0.056286	0.056936	0.057980	0.058815	0.060128	0.060572	0.061352
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.569213	0.571423	0.571544	0.576939	0.583732	0.593273	0.607127	0.620466	0.630576	0.641597
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.407976	0.401434	0.397198	0.394663	0.392485	0.390384	0.389770	0.389051	0.388215	0.388093
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.113347	0.115158	0.117227	0.118851	0.120193	0.121461	0.123127	0.124593	0.125077	0.125671
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.113630	0.115929	0.118290	0.120342	0.122209	0.123875	0.125671	0.127342	0.128178	0.128785
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.803003	0.793720	0.784192	0.779838	0.776430	0.777982	0.783756	0.792254	0.795345	0.801931
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.204734	0.202809	0.201255	0.200344	0.199667	0.199205	0.199149	0.199097	0.198708	0.198756
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.106330	0.106364	0.106669	0.107106	0.107648	0.108465	0.109598	0.110734	0.111117	0.111568
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.106599	0.106439	0.106689	0.107167	0.107774	0.108611	0.109868	0.111097	0.111620	0.112266
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.949149	0.938091	0.931582	0.928275	0.923671	0.923243	0.926001	0.929908	0.929373	0.933661
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.167032	0.165601	0.164598	0.164030	0.163647	0.163199	0.163093	0.162916	0.162402	0.162145
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.102582	0.102175	0.102095	0.102144	0.102335	0.102770	0.103540	0.104344	0.104532	0.104788
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.107216	0.106604	0.106258	0.106131	0.106175	0.106388	0.107067	0.107886	0.108170	0.108524
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.770931	0.766508	0.762823	0.760326	0.758312	0.757282	0.757640	0.758704	0.756242	0.757193
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.137419	0.136358	0.135605	0.134951	0.134390	0.133726	0.133311	0.132815	0.131958	0.131393
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.097624	0.096948	0.096649	0.096382	0.096136	0.095987	0.096093	0.096141	0.095899	0.095765
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.104568	0.103496	0.102986	0.102530	0.102177	0.101918	0.101863	0.101819	0.101489	0.101289
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.642562	0.634224	0.629662	0.627652	0.626065	0.625468	0.626760	0.628567	0.626971	0.627467
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.112896	0.111987	0.111222	0.110595	0.110007	0.109285	0.108814	0.108297	0.107416	0.106900
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.093591	0.093008	0.092684	0.092304	0.091961	0.091693	0.091630	0.091471	0.091115	0.090890
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.098853	0.098146	0.097823	0.097508	0.097217	0.096961	0.096880	0.096771	0.096486	0.096313
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.494772	0.489020	0.486446	0.485779	0.484912	0.484153	0.485362	0.486824	0.486180	0.487227
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.084646	0.084016	0.083468	0.083091	0.082725	0.082229	0.081881	0.081489	0.080821	0.080453
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.082759	0.082226	0.081855	0.081400	0.080993	0.080618	0.080389	0.080084	0.079684	0.079425
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.087650	0.087015	0.086646	0.086292	0.085972	0.085662	0.085473	0.085241	0.084902	0.084702

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	49.114135	48.766154	48.810379	49.210797	49.493301	50.027396	50.085329	50.250633	50.033682	50.683526

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.182825	0.176350	0.173557	0.170810	0.168477	0.16678	0.165525	0.164395	0.163730	0.163520
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.208833	0.201517	0.198375	0.194642	0.191290	0.18824	0.186729	0.185881	0.185175	0.185107

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.828256	0.865180	0.835505	0.852764	0.882393	0.918500	0.922682	0.936307	0.965075	0.937952
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.823492	0.830471	0.857182	0.866589	0.883973	0.895529	0.910241	0.888536	0.899967	0.930705
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	1.037434	1.033786	1.027077	1.037589	1.048544	1.049099	1.063070	1.070183	1.080383	1.092362
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.835366	0.842954	0.838200	0.846914	0.864740	0.859170	0.882191	0.883507	0.901023	0.911166
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.545882	0.558605	0.551700	0.561291	0.563658	0.573584	0.584687	0.581714	0.593105	0.597763
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.269375	0.278980	0.273743	0.279093	0.265755	0.272132	0.260686	0.270306	0.290773	0.289567
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.308847	0.311245	0.318122	0.289260	0.335126	0.314463	0.300090	0.310105	0.314245	0.316772
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.126283	0.126278	0.127479	0.126274	0.129583	0.127915	0.133608	0.129681	0.131861	0.136458
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.079162	0.079696	0.078395	0.079537	0.079050	0.079872	0.081974	0.081631	0.081629	0.083509
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.057784	0.059666	0.061528	0.062971	0.064781	0.066287	0.067918	0.068842	0.070649	0.071671
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.202346	0.203590	0.207487	0.208586	0.207403	0.208588	0.211829	0.213164	0.212950	0.215029
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.185313	0.186987	0.189783	0.192828	0.193106	0.194918	0.195557	0.196779	0.196523	0.197618

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	9.699821	18.860054	27.665993	36.157883	44.354313	52.29818	60.018833	67.537735

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

Remote data read failed during GLO12 reference dataset open (1/5): Server disconnected. Retrying in 2s.
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	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.039750	0.043548	0.046854	0.049342	0.052466	0.055067	0.057506	0.059759	0.061368	0.062430
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.436390	0.443258	0.454957	0.472511	0.491787	0.512508	0.535808	0.558068	0.572678	0.588395
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.381851	0.389638	0.396972	0.404858	0.412480	0.421379	0.430652	0.440031	0.447806	0.454375
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.073276	0.081319	0.088550	0.095181	0.101367	0.106992	0.113207	0.118403	0.121128	0.123571
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.075595	0.084297	0.091432	0.098057	0.104444	0.110479	0.116360	0.121996	0.125287	0.127670
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.573577	0.582475	0.594941	0.611881	0.634821	0.661986	0.689036	0.713474	0.727848	0.741931
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.147798	0.152152	0.155027	0.158260	0.162343	0.166998	0.171435	0.175595	0.178372	0.180917
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.065570	0.069211	0.073506	0.078287	0.083489	0.089023	0.094838	0.100197	0.103153	0.105794
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.068110	0.071767	0.075866	0.080525	0.085610	0.091058	0.096903	0.102341	0.105528	0.108214
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.596826	0.605254	0.619129	0.639539	0.668072	0.698721	0.731983	0.762683	0.782647	0.799367
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.111891	0.113440	0.115099	0.117271	0.120225	0.123657	0.127271	0.130783	0.132887	0.134834
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.064393	0.067021	0.070287	0.074335	0.078940	0.083947	0.089199	0.094071	0.096808	0.099110
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.066677	0.069254	0.072299	0.076159	0.080558	0.085385	0.090529	0.095401	0.098450	0.100959
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.468137	0.473927	0.485533	0.502795	0.523654	0.546726	0.573462	0.598729	0.614808	0.628457
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.081244	0.082426	0.083993	0.086281	0.089127	0.092380	0.095969	0.099343	0.101598	0.103563
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.059049	0.061215	0.063851	0.067270	0.071192	0.075484	0.080030	0.084303	0.086833	0.088950
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.059219	0.061472	0.064088	0.067392	0.071197	0.075340	0.079681	0.083834	0.086538	0.088832
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.401458	0.411812	0.423859	0.437929	0.455905	0.475926	0.498079	0.518735	0.532119	0.543405
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.069334	0.070284	0.071853	0.073973	0.076565	0.079525	0.082526	0.085321	0.087185	0.088885
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.057453	0.059306	0.061720	0.064926	0.068640	0.072677	0.076915	0.080943	0.083402	0.085485
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.057494	0.059433	0.061768	0.064753	0.068232	0.072084	0.076093	0.079959	0.082492	0.084671
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.336169	0.341332	0.348314	0.357302	0.370060	0.385658	0.402244	0.418351	0.428490	0.437588
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.055274	0.055793	0.056589	0.057801	0.059375	0.061261	0.063282	0.065260	0.066585	0.067806
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.057314	0.058660	0.060432	0.062843	0.065655	0.068790	0.072147	0.075374	0.077401	0.079151
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.056598	0.058057	0.059822	0.062115	0.064810	0.067839	0.071014	0.074152	0.076263	0.078108

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	46.258535	46.516738	46.845335	47.330157	47.762704	48.365294	48.538111	48.719653	48.659256	49.038701

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.171641	0.166248	0.164484	0.163223	0.162130	0.162124	0.162837	0.163236	0.163452	0.163934
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.196612	0.190234	0.188461	0.186954	0.185334	0.184387	0.184772	0.185966	0.185829	0.186613

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	6.273601	12.350612	18.405249	24.557919	30.853466	37.312904	43.94244	50.696884