Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.3.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open WenHai forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.wenhai()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 2TB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                         latitude: 2041, longitude: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6
  * latitude            (latitude) float32 8kB -80.0 -79.92 ... 89.92 90.0
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float32 17kB -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:              CF-1.8
    challenger:               wenhai
    forecast_reference_time:  2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:   challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:   wenhai

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 2041
  • longitude: 4320
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940250e-01, 2.645669e+00, 5.078224e+00, 7.929560e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581007e+01, 2.159882e+01, 2.944473e+01, 4.034405e+01, 5.576429e+01,
           7.785385e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    -80.0 -79.92 -79.83 ... 89.92 90.0

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-80.      , -79.916664, -79.833336, ...,  89.83334 ,  89.91667 ,
            90.      ], shape=(2041,), dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-180.     , -179.91667, -179.83333, ...,  179.75   ,  179.83334,
            179.91669], shape=(4320,), dtype=float32)

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    longitudeg_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    longitudeg_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    longitudeg_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    longitudeg_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    longitudeg_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 17.08 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 37440 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,  2.6456689834594727,   5.078224182128906,
              7.92956018447876,  11.404999732971191,  15.810070037841797,
            21.598819732666016,  29.444730758666992,  40.344051361083984,
             55.76428985595703,   77.85385131835938,    92.3260726928711,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([             -80.0, -79.91666412353516, -79.83333587646484,
                       -79.75, -79.66666412353516, -79.58333587646484,
                        -79.5, -79.41666412353516, -79.33333587646484,
                       -79.25,
           ...
                        89.25,  89.33334350585938,  89.41667175292969,
                         89.5,  89.58334350585938,  89.66667175292969,
                        89.75,  89.83334350585938,  89.91667175292969,
                         90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=2041))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([            -180.0, -179.9166717529297, -179.8333282470703,
                      -179.75, -179.6666717529297, -179.5833282470703,
                       -179.5, -179.4166717529297, -179.3333282470703,
                      -179.25,
           ...
           179.16668701171875,             179.25, 179.33334350585938,
           179.41668701171875,              179.5, 179.58334350585938,
           179.66668701171875,             179.75, 179.83334350585938,
           179.91668701171875],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=4320))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (5)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  wenhai

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  wenhai

Evaluation configuration

region = 'ibi'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.060934	0.064435	0.064368	0.065662	0.066953	0.067749	0.067302	0.069465	0.073216	0.074723
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.442579	0.446245	0.447212	0.452025	0.458493	0.472837	0.485708	0.505442	0.526251	0.549378
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.255730	0.255615	0.256290	0.256380	0.258160	0.259718	0.261800	0.265109	0.266416	0.269894
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.095897	0.095547	0.095553	0.096543	0.096942	0.097845	0.099193	0.100783	0.103402	0.104886
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.098709	0.098140	0.098155	0.099604	0.100262	0.102370	0.104117	0.106705	0.108499	0.111083
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.687079	0.685273	0.684159	0.683429	0.684656	0.687080	0.690643	0.694428	0.696883	0.698694
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.187319	0.187040	0.186872	0.186870	0.187117	0.187471	0.187889	0.188380	0.188804	0.189196
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.091828	0.091478	0.091431	0.091739	0.091812	0.091962	0.092327	0.092903	0.093330	0.093867
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.094546	0.094049	0.094066	0.094245	0.094385	0.094673	0.095165	0.095641	0.095911	0.096460
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.717583	0.715687	0.714460	0.713934	0.714299	0.715386	0.717030	0.719134	0.719948	0.720421
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.188196	0.187496	0.187081	0.186932	0.187074	0.187303	0.187716	0.188187	0.188296	0.188479
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.089156	0.088771	0.088662	0.088716	0.088766	0.088829	0.089028	0.089320	0.089468	0.089764
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.091204	0.090788	0.090586	0.090582	0.090700	0.090945	0.091300	0.091612	0.091798	0.091932
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.636552	0.635370	0.634616	0.634298	0.634292	0.634836	0.635809	0.636780	0.636816	0.636753
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.131278	0.131074	0.131034	0.131132	0.131292	0.131598	0.131999	0.132365	0.132601	0.132834
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.084483	0.084075	0.083848	0.083707	0.083663	0.083663	0.083763	0.083905	0.083848	0.083825
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.085689	0.085359	0.085191	0.085132	0.085221	0.085409	0.085663	0.085925	0.085995	0.086053
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.524455	0.523434	0.522851	0.522585	0.522702	0.523107	0.523826	0.524609	0.524623	0.524558
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.101859	0.101733	0.101750	0.101823	0.102004	0.102232	0.102491	0.102766	0.102921	0.103067
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.083992	0.083534	0.083242	0.083031	0.082943	0.082894	0.082926	0.083001	0.082918	0.082850
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.085171	0.084772	0.084514	0.084388	0.084378	0.084476	0.084632	0.084828	0.084855	0.084844
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.399828	0.399171	0.399015	0.399414	0.400297	0.401380	0.402732	0.404159	0.404857	0.405619
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.090310	0.090213	0.090222	0.090327	0.090459	0.090642	0.090866	0.091057	0.091132	0.091206
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.086786	0.086060	0.085469	0.085020	0.084716	0.084466	0.084301	0.084174	0.083959	0.083735
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.088504	0.087855	0.087325	0.086943	0.086665	0.086493	0.086398	0.086371	0.086238	0.086095

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	31.268534	34.663212	37.121273	40.0448	42.512268	44.686989	47.001194	49.300407	51.176003	51.51963

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.090178	0.091629	0.092572	0.094659	0.096465	0.098435	0.100398	0.102534	0.104684	0.107352
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.089519	0.090011	0.090460	0.091387	0.092256	0.093317	0.094607	0.095781	0.096838	0.098691

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.477757	0.517166	0.586517	0.476392	0.500488	0.526825	0.751594	0.530867	0.565493	0.633361
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.421458	0.458195	0.399767	0.479860	0.484290	0.464155	0.565062	0.504765	0.578859	0.528861
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.653832	0.674225	0.682851	0.682514	0.769382	0.701467	0.758241	0.717472	0.734375	0.753165
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.292339	0.316352	0.319875	0.305261	0.327529	0.320402	0.340458	0.306291	0.340396	0.359426
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.252217	0.241441	0.231988	0.228328	0.242143	0.233656	0.257563	0.248834	0.266075	0.247318
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.668033	0.868521	0.853020	0.659528	0.627781	0.737732	0.638575	0.706206	0.897368	0.887945
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.272386	0.323225	0.333541	0.278086	0.299764	0.307661	0.292407	0.293338	0.348743	0.363429
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.113593	0.095760	0.118221	0.093132	0.133671	0.115157	0.130034	0.115999	0.115401	0.142641
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.044321	0.044749	0.047263	0.044586	0.050812	0.048139	0.056672	0.045572	0.049624	0.050896
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.049726	0.049534	0.051144	0.049016	0.048643	0.049629	0.051178	0.053218	0.056978	0.056534
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.217829	0.219851	0.219396	0.218733	0.205274	0.218904	0.212630	0.221442	0.223626	0.223475
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.184728	0.185335	0.183484	0.180217	0.183845	0.183597	0.185094	0.186735	0.188743	0.188867

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	8.588015	16.513783	23.827898	30.590008	36.883835	42.798195	48.473972	53.910542

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.021632	0.027272	0.029215	0.033314	0.035987	0.036900	0.037416	0.041111	0.046530	0.051218
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.152586	0.210069	0.244456	0.276291	0.304253	0.340400	0.371014	0.406592	0.440352	0.474710
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.056951	0.084138	0.103795	0.119685	0.133831	0.146930	0.159908	0.171890	0.181487	0.190850
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.036768	0.044265	0.049648	0.056461	0.062031	0.067997	0.074375	0.080279	0.086827	0.090444
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.038142	0.045296	0.051356	0.058497	0.064346	0.071837	0.078470	0.085921	0.091525	0.096435
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.168851	0.230037	0.281117	0.321224	0.356349	0.390125	0.422343	0.452000	0.470351	0.489858
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.036028	0.049084	0.059632	0.068530	0.076570	0.084254	0.091638	0.098529	0.103909	0.109037
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.026398	0.033498	0.039873	0.046357	0.052287	0.057690	0.063711	0.069284	0.073784	0.077548
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.027165	0.033976	0.040924	0.047421	0.053079	0.059082	0.065386	0.071253	0.075390	0.079320
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.131543	0.176354	0.213672	0.247994	0.281094	0.312476	0.342746	0.370451	0.388753	0.406026
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.034747	0.047102	0.057555	0.066811	0.075284	0.083185	0.090685	0.097650	0.102831	0.107700
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.022394	0.029617	0.036160	0.042328	0.048142	0.053886	0.059736	0.065002	0.068978	0.072694
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.022138	0.029802	0.036417	0.042725	0.048578	0.054488	0.060354	0.065817	0.069855	0.073417
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.105709	0.140418	0.169511	0.195587	0.220687	0.245252	0.269350	0.291065	0.305223	0.318317
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.025698	0.033342	0.040000	0.045787	0.051114	0.056163	0.061018	0.065337	0.068393	0.071221
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.018645	0.025310	0.031345	0.037173	0.042883	0.048573	0.054258	0.059397	0.063067	0.066278
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.018386	0.025345	0.031509	0.037323	0.043090	0.048878	0.054548	0.059719	0.063436	0.066672
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.090783	0.124536	0.152235	0.176118	0.198128	0.219206	0.239819	0.258529	0.271097	0.282625
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.021920	0.028567	0.034324	0.039251	0.043682	0.047788	0.051720	0.055257	0.057842	0.060238
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.017735	0.024425	0.030467	0.036239	0.041854	0.047412	0.052920	0.057907	0.061499	0.064628
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.017489	0.024434	0.030599	0.036356	0.042045	0.047674	0.053139	0.058144	0.061744	0.064889
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.078519	0.112375	0.140029	0.163298	0.184178	0.203667	0.222271	0.238686	0.249786	0.259998
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.021144	0.027940	0.033896	0.038917	0.043240	0.047174	0.050801	0.053939	0.056196	0.058268
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.017889	0.025625	0.032275	0.038203	0.043756	0.049048	0.054166	0.058768	0.062137	0.065113
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.017718	0.025692	0.032472	0.038429	0.043999	0.049307	0.054395	0.058993	0.062372	0.065334

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	23.687635	29.858198	34.194576	37.631214	40.316921	42.863518	45.094475	47.962399	50.107323	51.037312

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.029402	0.040224	0.048003	0.056510	0.06352	0.070441	0.077064	0.083079	0.088562	0.093618
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.025281	0.034494	0.041709	0.049014	0.05543	0.061522	0.067678	0.073253	0.078008	0.082567

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	3.250539	6.607299	10.12878	14.022208	18.217653	22.689253	27.459503	32.462849