Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.3.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open WenHai forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.wenhai()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 2TB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                         latitude: 2041, longitude: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6
  * latitude            (latitude) float32 8kB -80.0 -79.92 ... 89.92 90.0
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float32 17kB -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:              CF-1.8
    challenger:               wenhai
    forecast_reference_time:  2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:   challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:   wenhai

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 2041
  • longitude: 4320
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940250e-01, 2.645669e+00, 5.078224e+00, 7.929560e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581007e+01, 2.159882e+01, 2.944473e+01, 4.034405e+01, 5.576429e+01,
           7.785385e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    -80.0 -79.92 -79.83 ... 89.92 90.0

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-80.      , -79.916664, -79.833336, ...,  89.83334 ,  89.91667 ,
            90.      ], shape=(2041,), dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-180.     , -179.91667, -179.83333, ...,  179.75   ,  179.83334,
            179.91669], shape=(4320,), dtype=float32)

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    longitudeg_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    longitudeg_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    longitudeg_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    longitudeg_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    longitudeg_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 17.08 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 37440 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,  2.6456689834594727,   5.078224182128906,
              7.92956018447876,  11.404999732971191,  15.810070037841797,
            21.598819732666016,  29.444730758666992,  40.344051361083984,
             55.76428985595703,   77.85385131835938,    92.3260726928711,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([             -80.0, -79.91666412353516, -79.83333587646484,
                       -79.75, -79.66666412353516, -79.58333587646484,
                        -79.5, -79.41666412353516, -79.33333587646484,
                       -79.25,
           ...
                        89.25,  89.33334350585938,  89.41667175292969,
                         89.5,  89.58334350585938,  89.66667175292969,
                        89.75,  89.83334350585938,  89.91667175292969,
                         90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=2041))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([            -180.0, -179.9166717529297, -179.8333282470703,
                      -179.75, -179.6666717529297, -179.5833282470703,
                       -179.5, -179.4166717529297, -179.3333282470703,
                      -179.25,
           ...
           179.16668701171875,             179.25, 179.33334350585938,
           179.41668701171875,              179.5, 179.58334350585938,
           179.66668701171875,             179.75, 179.83334350585938,
           179.91668701171875],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=4320))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (5)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  wenhai

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  wenhai

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.067479	0.067222	0.067173	0.067742	0.068485	0.069349	0.070211	0.071540	0.072639	0.073977
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.537042	0.536967	0.537018	0.539004	0.543301	0.549517	0.558557	0.568641	0.577748	0.588167
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.696527	0.692334	0.689141	0.686462	0.684580	0.684031	0.683868	0.683360	0.682691	0.682951
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.112079	0.111981	0.112542	0.113652	0.115020	0.116975	0.119291	0.122013	0.124106	0.126145
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.113348	0.113625	0.114593	0.115933	0.117797	0.120175	0.123184	0.126252	0.128536	0.130800
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.732167	0.728891	0.727388	0.726957	0.729075	0.732650	0.737509	0.743602	0.747824	0.752188
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.365782	0.365322	0.365054	0.364939	0.365012	0.365192	0.365420	0.365734	0.365990	0.366283
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.106626	0.106490	0.106757	0.107474	0.108399	0.109582	0.111199	0.112926	0.114079	0.115132
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.107958	0.107951	0.108478	0.109259	0.110265	0.111623	0.113536	0.115630	0.116962	0.118365
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.922530	0.920533	0.919928	0.921088	0.924212	0.928937	0.935462	0.942127	0.946565	0.951803
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.224767	0.224315	0.224043	0.223947	0.224034	0.224267	0.224631	0.225069	0.225345	0.225633
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.104350	0.104040	0.104031	0.104341	0.104923	0.105840	0.107083	0.108425	0.109212	0.109925
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.107723	0.107529	0.107599	0.108074	0.108881	0.109911	0.111298	0.112889	0.113951	0.114964
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.793579	0.791820	0.790828	0.790824	0.791883	0.794264	0.797874	0.801734	0.803449	0.805381
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.148450	0.148014	0.147753	0.147663	0.147735	0.147940	0.148277	0.148632	0.148795	0.149003
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.100696	0.100129	0.099821	0.099756	0.099921	0.100328	0.101023	0.101832	0.102231	0.102622
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.105362	0.104939	0.104674	0.104643	0.104845	0.105276	0.105944	0.106790	0.107345	0.107872
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.673050	0.671449	0.670812	0.671230	0.672651	0.675110	0.678507	0.682252	0.684098	0.686073
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.116041	0.115685	0.115513	0.115501	0.115633	0.115895	0.116277	0.116694	0.116919	0.117176
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.097530	0.096901	0.096507	0.096350	0.096424	0.096734	0.097283	0.097917	0.098214	0.098512
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.100928	0.100461	0.100142	0.100058	0.100138	0.100434	0.100968	0.101626	0.102045	0.102444
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.503200	0.502126	0.501562	0.501732	0.502616	0.504300	0.506765	0.509528	0.511029	0.512660
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.084938	0.084716	0.084612	0.084635	0.084747	0.084945	0.085232	0.085540	0.085734	0.085949
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.089427	0.088711	0.088201	0.087882	0.087770	0.087842	0.088102	0.088474	0.088625	0.088790
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.092371	0.091764	0.091329	0.091112	0.091068	0.091206	0.091507	0.091904	0.092142	0.092391

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	40.604927	43.152126	45.707058	47.983356	49.978317	51.82164	53.596775	55.187363	56.362026	57.528133

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.137135	0.155822	0.176005	0.197918	0.220538	0.242339	0.265049	0.288384	0.312020	0.335452
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.138671	0.147514	0.156771	0.165293	0.174636	0.184152	0.193371	0.203275	0.212626	0.222462

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.782218	0.810915	0.780296	0.799579	0.831072	0.868548	0.869342	0.884424	0.911173	0.880144
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.761381	0.766470	0.781756	0.811593	0.815374	0.827884	0.845017	0.830041	0.835523	0.859913
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.894701	0.903395	0.889063	0.923066	0.931479	0.922626	0.934515	0.961576	0.971518	0.989484
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.813176	0.835242	0.823761	0.828264	0.854145	0.852524	0.871737	0.879100	0.910287	0.921135
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.544232	0.561828	0.556415	0.553566	0.574532	0.586765	0.592049	0.597503	0.606385	0.620506
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.273980	0.289438	0.289794	0.309534	0.289853	0.299790	0.279884	0.289091	0.300805	0.300766
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.241478	0.243772	0.249365	0.249896	0.254680	0.252316	0.249873	0.254992	0.255192	0.269197
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.136732	0.138417	0.138963	0.138072	0.142107	0.139886	0.145367	0.142582	0.145695	0.151955
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.089000	0.089402	0.088313	0.088333	0.089914	0.091454	0.092517	0.094131	0.094236	0.098453
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.049380	0.050758	0.052328	0.054549	0.056459	0.058856	0.061291	0.063332	0.065945	0.067867
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.213830	0.213249	0.216738	0.217775	0.216167	0.217729	0.221439	0.224022	0.224115	0.227223
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.195781	0.196282	0.198022	0.200680	0.201785	0.203999	0.205107	0.206926	0.207714	0.209040

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	10.389699	20.182774	29.393028	38.15345	46.553848	54.67437	62.559544	70.242104

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.019227	0.025001	0.029373	0.033967	0.038503	0.042601	0.046762	0.051000	0.053866	0.056971
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.156769	0.201905	0.238721	0.274397	0.310625	0.347204	0.386084	0.422740	0.449998	0.476613
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.149350	0.184295	0.214240	0.242981	0.268253	0.291301	0.313743	0.335193	0.354155	0.371312
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.048212	0.057217	0.064920	0.073075	0.081384	0.089961	0.098697	0.106868	0.112520	0.117591
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.047486	0.057621	0.065982	0.074328	0.083082	0.092105	0.101241	0.109883	0.116193	0.121694
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.206690	0.266643	0.313790	0.357034	0.400041	0.442736	0.484916	0.523641	0.549206	0.573276
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.053152	0.069267	0.081405	0.092033	0.102095	0.111717	0.120993	0.129557	0.135996	0.141933
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.037730	0.046266	0.053721	0.061377	0.069301	0.077300	0.085616	0.093217	0.098386	0.103020
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.037234	0.046865	0.054957	0.062838	0.070870	0.079282	0.088033	0.096188	0.101878	0.106801
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.221545	0.280503	0.328826	0.376213	0.424155	0.473086	0.522055	0.566699	0.596194	0.624203
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.040595	0.053224	0.062822	0.071192	0.079074	0.086733	0.094231	0.101135	0.106084	0.110608
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.032092	0.040359	0.047364	0.054563	0.062160	0.069999	0.077894	0.085037	0.089812	0.094045
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.031452	0.040377	0.047768	0.055251	0.063033	0.070960	0.078980	0.086408	0.091583	0.096014
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.166666	0.218344	0.259674	0.298594	0.337573	0.377217	0.417531	0.454519	0.479039	0.501280
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.032113	0.042601	0.050821	0.057863	0.064361	0.070596	0.076686	0.082248	0.086288	0.089985
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.026308	0.034144	0.040689	0.047154	0.053861	0.060715	0.067645	0.074002	0.078357	0.082201
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.024999	0.033089	0.039720	0.046244	0.052927	0.059751	0.066585	0.072921	0.077462	0.081432
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.141698	0.189694	0.228231	0.263646	0.298580	0.333979	0.369799	0.402683	0.424589	0.444372
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.027780	0.037045	0.044396	0.050666	0.056421	0.061919	0.067257	0.072136	0.075732	0.079015
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.024584	0.032292	0.038682	0.044864	0.051183	0.057607	0.064072	0.070048	0.074201	0.077897
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.023115	0.030990	0.037446	0.043629	0.049890	0.056277	0.062676	0.068622	0.072940	0.076745
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.112289	0.155960	0.190043	0.219912	0.248121	0.276022	0.303971	0.329720	0.347147	0.362928
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.022731	0.030360	0.036438	0.041505	0.046003	0.050200	0.054209	0.057858	0.060606	0.063102
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.022183	0.030020	0.036262	0.041953	0.047493	0.052979	0.058433	0.063482	0.067120	0.070380
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.020734	0.028685	0.034969	0.040658	0.046181	0.051662	0.057089	0.062148	0.065902	0.069270

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	22.314547	28.114689	32.562717	36.088161	38.97163	41.467545	43.722858	45.584652	47.101322	48.508694

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.146493	0.224647	0.300696	0.372886	0.446610	0.518992	0.590569	0.662225	0.737204	0.810578
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.102532	0.131636	0.155041	0.175872	0.194991	0.212925	0.230070	0.246550	0.261392	0.276579

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	4.083601	8.311937	12.750508	17.601864	22.924137	28.717693	34.961246	41.541073