Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.2.1'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open XiHe 1 degree base challenger forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.xihe_1_degree()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 12GB
Dimensions:                          (first_day_datetime: 52,
                                      lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                                      latitude: 170, longitude: 360)
Coordinates:
  * depth                            (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 ... 643.6
  * lead_day_index                   (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 ... 7 8 9
  * first_day_datetime               (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B ...
  * latitude                         (latitude) float64 1kB -79.5 -78.5 ... 89.5
  * longitude                        (longitude) float64 3kB -179.5 ... 179.5
Data variables:
    sea_water_salinity               (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_water_potential_temperature  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    eastward_sea_water_velocity      (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    northward_sea_water_velocity     (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_surface_height_above_geoid   (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 127MB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:                   CF-1.8
    challenger:                    xihe
    forecast_reference_time:       2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:        challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:        xihe
    oceanbench_source_resolution:  one_degree

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 170
  • longitude: 360
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940000e-01, 2.645700e+00, 5.078200e+00, 7.929600e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581010e+01, 2.159880e+01, 2.944470e+01, 4.034410e+01, 5.576430e+01,
           7.785390e+01, 9.232610e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -79.5 -78.5 -77.5 ... 88.5 89.5

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           -69.5, -68.5, -67.5, -66.5, -65.5, -64.5, -63.5, -62.5, -61.5, -60.5,
           -59.5, -58.5, -57.5, -56.5, -55.5, -54.5, -53.5, -52.5, -51.5, -50.5,
           -49.5, -48.5, -47.5, -46.5, -45.5, -44.5, -43.5, -42.5, -41.5, -40.5,
           -39.5, -38.5, -37.5, -36.5, -35.5, -34.5, -33.5, -32.5, -31.5, -30.5,
           -29.5, -28.5, -27.5, -26.5, -25.5, -24.5, -23.5, -22.5, -21.5, -20.5,
           -19.5, -18.5, -17.5, -16.5, -15.5, -14.5, -13.5, -12.5, -11.5, -10.5,
            -9.5,  -8.5,  -7.5,  -6.5,  -5.5,  -4.5,  -3.5,  -2.5,  -1.5,  -0.5,
             0.5,   1.5,   2.5,   3.5,   4.5,   5.5,   6.5,   7.5,   8.5,   9.5,
            10.5,  11.5,  12.5,  13.5,  14.5,  15.5,  16.5,  17.5,  18.5,  19.5,
            20.5,  21.5,  22.5,  23.5,  24.5,  25.5,  26.5,  27.5,  28.5,  29.5,
            30.5,  31.5,  32.5,  33.5,  34.5,  35.5,  36.5,  37.5,  38.5,  39.5,
            40.5,  41.5,  42.5,  43.5,  44.5,  45.5,  46.5,  47.5,  48.5,  49.5,
            50.5,  51.5,  52.5,  53.5,  54.5,  55.5,  56.5,  57.5,  58.5,  59.5,
            60.5,  61.5,  62.5,  63.5,  64.5,  65.5,  66.5,  67.5,  68.5,  69.5,
            70.5,  71.5,  72.5,  73.5,  74.5,  75.5,  76.5,  77.5,  78.5,  79.5,
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    -179.5 -178.5 ... 178.5 179.5

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, ...,  177.5,  178.5,  179.5], shape=(360,))

• Data variables: (5)
  • sea_water_salinity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.73 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11960 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_water_potential_temperature
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.73 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11960 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • eastward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.73 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11960 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • northward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.73 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11960 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_surface_height_above_geoid
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 121.40 MiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 170, 360) (1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 520 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49399998784065247,   2.645699977874756,   5.078199863433838,
             7.929599761962891,  11.404999732971191,  15.810099601745605,
            21.598800659179688,  29.444700241088867,   40.34410095214844,
             55.76430130004883,   77.85389709472656,   92.32610321044922,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           ...
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5],
          dtype='float64', name='latitude', length=170))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, -176.5, -175.5, -174.5, -173.5, -172.5, -171.5,
           -170.5,
           ...
            170.5,  171.5,  172.5,  173.5,  174.5,  175.5,  176.5,  177.5,  178.5,
            179.5],
          dtype='float64', name='longitude', length=360))

• Attributes: (6)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  xihe

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  xihe

  oceanbench_source_resolution :

  one_degree

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.077665	0.086245	0.084452	0.085785	0.085547	0.089153	0.089207	0.089335	0.091753	0.091960
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.647774	0.646319	0.655875	0.676793	0.689404	0.698794	0.691337	0.764390	0.776909	0.782774
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.701214	0.700574	0.724255	0.727750	0.716986	0.706953	0.702949	0.699338	0.714906	0.687967
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.122572	0.120705	0.120956	0.121064	0.121660	0.121651	0.120326	0.121313	0.120707	0.121065
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.124428	0.122278	0.122781	0.123311	0.124490	0.124270	0.123414	0.124773	0.124787	0.124505
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.823850	0.808574	0.801881	0.822734	0.833022	0.849346	0.831490	0.850328	0.853335	0.876902
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.388219	0.403226	0.407826	0.399342	0.415805	0.409601	0.400118	0.402421	0.404977	0.428022
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.113093	0.110456	0.110039	0.109276	0.109456	0.109472	0.107743	0.108744	0.107876	0.107719
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.114074	0.111449	0.111136	0.110305	0.110813	0.110260	0.109479	0.110334	0.110147	0.109979
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.970078	0.984815	0.992109	0.998017	1.002566	1.010141	1.002543	1.040577	1.046650	1.065224
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.226592	0.229355	0.228811	0.225611	0.228673	0.227856	0.231008	0.228310	0.233309	0.242841
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.109418	0.106542	0.105811	0.104089	0.104076	0.103838	0.102024	0.102792	0.101783	0.101544
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.113343	0.110452	0.109676	0.107694	0.107875	0.107166	0.105710	0.106514	0.105989	0.105819
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.830217	0.807763	0.831240	0.792064	0.822720	0.811815	0.825081	0.840025	0.823567	0.830928
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.145426	0.146293	0.147779	0.143969	0.145609	0.146686	0.143056	0.144702	0.143306	0.144678
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.105026	0.107883	0.106080	0.102754	0.102837	0.102617	0.102590	0.102760	0.101434	0.100922
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.109764	0.112424	0.110938	0.107688	0.108052	0.107454	0.106986	0.107251	0.106109	0.105349
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.706965	0.672437	0.693502	0.662725	0.693898	0.695622	0.680617	0.704261	0.699508	0.698094
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.110688	0.111790	0.114226	0.110720	0.111374	0.111730	0.108051	0.110695	0.108357	0.110658
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.102016	0.105175	0.103554	0.100123	0.100182	0.099958	0.099876	0.099818	0.098572	0.097935
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.106059	0.108794	0.107512	0.104029	0.104332	0.104028	0.103820	0.103747	0.102617	0.101651
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.530284	0.511558	0.519663	0.505620	0.525962	0.523089	0.513293	0.532077	0.526193	0.522556
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.081569	0.083495	0.082557	0.082038	0.080939	0.082737	0.079795	0.081786	0.080474	0.081956
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.092960	0.096351	0.094843	0.091439	0.091527	0.091170	0.090979	0.090450	0.089561	0.088995
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.096472	0.099777	0.098487	0.095045	0.095316	0.094899	0.094425	0.094048	0.093387	0.092608

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	65.910599	66.236649	66.792305	72.009048	65.439041	66.183456	72.085144	69.307602	72.636223	64.70533

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.083049	0.086059	0.086112	0.093937	0.097828	0.099546	0.090946	0.095640	0.096327	0.097132
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.089272	0.089316	0.091007	0.091694	0.096807	0.096017	0.092521	0.097934	0.102116	0.102043

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.810334	0.839363	0.806478	0.843192	0.854270	0.911569	0.892912	0.914417	0.963077	0.926694
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.810882	0.836341	0.859344	0.888672	0.901629	0.920016	0.935466	0.923407	0.968202	1.000531
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.924114	0.935308	0.908732	0.959835	0.950163	0.970946	0.970757	0.995517	1.009071	1.032936
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.840811	0.840125	0.818762	0.847752	0.858265	0.839335	0.868332	0.859841	0.869807	0.867981
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.577784	0.560761	0.552111	0.569974	0.578757	0.571606	0.589100	0.589559	0.602502	0.589985
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.245246	0.261359	0.259272	0.282216	0.265960	0.274645	0.261403	0.256798	0.271016	0.271251
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.192638	0.201253	0.206079	0.209762	0.210435	0.208379	0.209024	0.204375	0.213557	0.218737
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.127599	0.129297	0.127954	0.130167	0.130741	0.126434	0.133766	0.128421	0.130514	0.133482
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.080277	0.081198	0.078730	0.081697	0.080171	0.079866	0.083429	0.082403	0.082784	0.082498
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.109999	0.102799	0.107761	0.110045	0.114276	0.112771	0.118758	0.113027	0.112975	0.115504
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.218549	0.215245	0.216777	0.217601	0.216464	0.216227	0.217784	0.219063	0.218342	0.219425
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.196024	0.194350	0.195057	0.197449	0.196627	0.197149	0.196837	0.198220	0.197341	0.197851

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	9.752825	17.809423	24.829266	31.260939	37.373959	43.187229	48.785336	54.262936

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.037115	0.045230	0.047503	0.051420	0.055447	0.059229	0.063950	0.062481	0.064939	0.066761
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.455552	0.477857	0.490952	0.535297	0.564570	0.589891	0.597004	0.673261	0.674325	0.692301
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.294494	0.346002	0.325568	0.344579	0.354704	0.379047	0.398062	0.412382	0.420007	0.456050
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.056364	0.068631	0.077664	0.085673	0.093549	0.099937	0.105955	0.111698	0.114463	0.117234
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.059368	0.070720	0.079317	0.087865	0.095730	0.102811	0.108648	0.114882	0.118558	0.120775
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.706901	0.706026	0.707400	0.749457	0.784216	0.804723	0.825817	0.825096	0.830800	0.850969
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.129360	0.142116	0.148299	0.150523	0.165683	0.166158	0.160374	0.170044	0.174525	0.187030
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.044277	0.052431	0.060150	0.067332	0.074773	0.081890	0.088123	0.094371	0.097334	0.100289
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.046600	0.054830	0.062459	0.070758	0.077160	0.084291	0.091718	0.097441	0.101125	0.104111
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.544452	0.567636	0.582213	0.631286	0.652268	0.688870	0.712299	0.754859	0.778803	0.794615
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.102467	0.109947	0.108136	0.121726	0.119089	0.123734	0.124678	0.131930	0.132579	0.128686
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.038455	0.048232	0.055694	0.062513	0.069965	0.076875	0.082788	0.088664	0.091717	0.094386
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.038660	0.049245	0.056941	0.064201	0.071481	0.078348	0.084335	0.090052	0.093506	0.096159
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.428159	0.394893	0.403712	0.449581	0.459541	0.482331	0.519728	0.541573	0.540365	0.554186
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.070407	0.069643	0.068467	0.077585	0.077983	0.082597	0.087186	0.090103	0.091464	0.092489
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.060596	0.037532	0.042256	0.049847	0.054813	0.061398	0.067330	0.072535	0.075122	0.077852
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.055824	0.037042	0.041714	0.049626	0.054112	0.060371	0.066409	0.071318	0.074033	0.076780
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.377602	0.330568	0.340023	0.378762	0.395266	0.418349	0.443767	0.467986	0.472274	0.481496
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.061100	0.058722	0.060023	0.065716	0.067150	0.070463	0.074713	0.076963	0.078041	0.079391
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.055913	0.034887	0.039473	0.046798	0.051432	0.057583	0.063247	0.068256	0.070806	0.073466
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.051115	0.033978	0.038650	0.046015	0.050386	0.056136	0.061987	0.066656	0.069233	0.071874
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.299534	0.270412	0.265263	0.307998	0.316150	0.325001	0.349848	0.368226	0.370804	0.375769
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.050930	0.050443	0.048576	0.054089	0.053629	0.056677	0.058931	0.060632	0.060591	0.062066
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.047068	0.031620	0.035942	0.042634	0.046488	0.051519	0.056673	0.060892	0.063177	0.065505
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.042608	0.030757	0.035163	0.041945	0.045563	0.050298	0.055466	0.059488	0.061799	0.064136

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	62.379978	61.419914	63.27655	68.551521	60.480465	62.01992	68.943497	66.261299	70.296143	60.576836

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.069762	0.074794	0.075750	0.085606	0.090677	0.093417	0.084910	0.091282	0.092606	0.094132
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.079752	0.081537	0.083716	0.085935	0.091789	0.091860	0.089727	0.095908	0.100270	0.100264

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	4.962429	9.75316	14.218877	18.619001	23.162167	27.811899	32.581509	37.506786