Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.2.1'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open XiHe forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.xihe()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 2TB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                         latitude: 2041, longitude: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6
  * latitude            (latitude) float32 8kB -80.0 -79.92 ... 89.92 90.0
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float32 17kB -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:              CF-1.8
    challenger:               xihe
    forecast_reference_time:  2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:   challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:   xihe

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 2041
  • longitude: 4320
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940000e-01, 2.645700e+00, 5.078200e+00, 7.929600e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581010e+01, 2.159880e+01, 2.944470e+01, 4.034410e+01, 5.576430e+01,
           7.785390e+01, 9.232610e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    -80.0 -79.92 -79.83 ... 89.92 90.0

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-80.      , -79.916664, -79.833336, ...,  89.83334 ,  89.91667 ,
            90.      ], shape=(2041,), dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-180.     , -179.91667, -179.83333, ...,  179.75   ,  179.83334,
            179.91669], shape=(4320,), dtype=float32)

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 17.08 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 37440 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49399998784065247,   2.645699977874756,   5.078199863433838,
             7.929599761962891,  11.404999732971191,  15.810099601745605,
            21.598800659179688,  29.444700241088867,   40.34410095214844,
             55.76430130004883,   77.85389709472656,   92.32610321044922,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([             -80.0, -79.91666412353516, -79.83333587646484,
                       -79.75, -79.66666412353516, -79.58333587646484,
                        -79.5, -79.41666412353516, -79.33333587646484,
                       -79.25,
           ...
                        89.25,  89.33334350585938,  89.41667175292969,
                         89.5,  89.58334350585938,  89.66667175292969,
                        89.75,  89.83334350585938,  89.91667175292969,
                         90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=2041))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([            -180.0, -179.9166717529297, -179.8333282470703,
                      -179.75, -179.6666717529297, -179.5833282470703,
                       -179.5, -179.4166717529297, -179.3333282470703,
                      -179.25,
           ...
           179.16668701171875,             179.25, 179.33334350585938,
           179.41668701171875,              179.5, 179.58334350585938,
           179.66668701171875,             179.75, 179.83334350585938,
           179.91668701171875],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=4320))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (5)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  xihe

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  xihe

Evaluation configuration

region = 'ibi'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.062283	0.069881	0.077089	0.068420	0.070950	0.078449	0.071808	0.075405	0.083908	0.080222
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.488452	0.543804	0.559472	0.561654	0.582272	0.592102	0.607090	0.626625	0.659866	0.671687
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.276088	0.288974	0.285477	0.291741	0.300803	0.299624	0.295281	0.294424	0.308598	0.311660
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.099483	0.097340	0.097495	0.097768	0.095416	0.093962	0.091395	0.090943	0.089884	0.090436
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.101732	0.100896	0.101567	0.100430	0.099777	0.098874	0.097518	0.098179	0.096712	0.095579
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.608630	0.666838	0.662031	0.635993	0.634031	0.632978	0.643564	0.631002	0.659709	0.629480
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.180501	0.184796	0.178207	0.176555	0.179572	0.173235	0.173707	0.167009	0.178926	0.171818
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.091048	0.088175	0.086884	0.085517	0.084049	0.082729	0.080432	0.079910	0.077926	0.077609
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.093234	0.090122	0.088817	0.087392	0.085927	0.084706	0.082399	0.081811	0.080065	0.079605
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.631002	0.705679	0.739252	0.695103	0.653658	0.635222	0.683949	0.645375	0.670095	0.630027
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.172639	0.176591	0.174333	0.178793	0.173680	0.168284	0.169721	0.169389	0.175557	0.171003
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.087349	0.084761	0.083592	0.081318	0.079793	0.078745	0.076487	0.076008	0.073871	0.073592
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.088892	0.085909	0.084554	0.082411	0.080902	0.079784	0.077741	0.077455	0.075800	0.075233
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.657158	0.639565	0.680615	0.628035	0.614675	0.577766	0.592917	0.585599	0.567469	0.618432
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.128307	0.129087	0.128834	0.126839	0.125084	0.120782	0.119548	0.118702	0.116294	0.119925
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.078853	0.082697	0.081231	0.078712	0.078372	0.075931	0.076085	0.075497	0.073093	0.071138
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.079897	0.083575	0.082080	0.079283	0.079366	0.077068	0.077216	0.076802	0.074296	0.072135
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.551054	0.515427	0.531028	0.504876	0.519969	0.494509	0.501864	0.508009	0.517465	0.502259
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.100282	0.104476	0.101536	0.100483	0.100604	0.096964	0.096951	0.096726	0.095057	0.094089
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.078506	0.082688	0.081074	0.078570	0.078227	0.076212	0.076087	0.075497	0.073153	0.071202
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.079640	0.083367	0.081850	0.079047	0.079138	0.077080	0.077090	0.076678	0.074231	0.072063
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.406368	0.406579	0.381826	0.386484	0.383269	0.356281	0.365423	0.372070	0.393710	0.354426
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.089932	0.101126	0.093986	0.093675	0.093150	0.087727	0.087897	0.087210	0.087841	0.085190
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.080943	0.085736	0.083493	0.081254	0.080296	0.078441	0.077836	0.076972	0.074939	0.073186
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.082465	0.087043	0.084912	0.082324	0.081775	0.079786	0.079074	0.078422	0.076332	0.074379

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	67.443008	63.564491	63.479576	66.852913	61.05201	62.681362	70.267586	67.325081	71.16024	67.467247

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.132895	0.142413	0.139675	0.141410	0.146483	0.147507	0.148082	0.150101	0.152188	0.149599
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.116249	0.120146	0.118833	0.121454	0.120780	0.125354	0.124881	0.125369	0.126220	0.123400

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.511233	0.569689	0.653862	0.553534	0.590009	0.664890	0.804579	0.622234	0.672835	0.747635
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.508184	0.579043	0.622407	0.615044	0.634798	0.654707	0.682915	0.688251	0.738210	0.675016
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.688002	0.769576	0.754810	0.765735	0.808985	0.799468	0.866195	0.796873	0.817316	0.812511
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.401828	0.441885	0.369682	0.490690	0.492829	0.456757	0.457364	0.390770	0.421113	0.377336
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.381602	0.423274	0.276770	0.392503	0.394523	0.410134	0.423746	0.385466	0.459792	0.327365
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.659683	0.848857	0.833316	0.648394	0.607783	0.710004	0.611113	0.668764	0.857195	0.855076
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.279200	0.326138	0.331796	0.281474	0.302443	0.308254	0.290454	0.295447	0.340846	0.352013
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.141417	0.136562	0.133562	0.130448	0.158990	0.146923	0.154949	0.143621	0.134328	0.152859
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.088933	0.102719	0.089930	0.085469	0.089992	0.086009	0.087960	0.089045	0.099829	0.088769
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.119318	0.114065	0.106224	0.120152	0.117745	0.108053	0.112150	0.111166	0.105450	0.111460
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.218651	0.221273	0.219920	0.217163	0.203986	0.217579	0.211674	0.219291	0.221806	0.220097
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.184747	0.184839	0.182900	0.179079	0.180028	0.178521	0.181455	0.182270	0.182444	0.183612

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	8.981683	17.451864	25.2486	32.321068	38.742104	44.658443	50.238663	55.510628

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.040674	0.047242	0.051508	0.056968	0.058378	0.057276	0.052948	0.054603	0.059819	0.060765
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.433692	0.479884	0.502895	0.524629	0.558124	0.598141	0.593787	0.644973	0.658904	0.673924
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.182468	0.200061	0.205090	0.219763	0.232697	0.242979	0.235472	0.246551	0.256996	0.258034
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.046904	0.056017	0.063524	0.070003	0.073336	0.076257	0.078875	0.082271	0.085004	0.086879
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.048824	0.059379	0.067460	0.071895	0.076978	0.080740	0.085119	0.089347	0.091565	0.091791
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.471642	0.521117	0.523727	0.556157	0.578540	0.618321	0.624454	0.654348	0.638027	0.663708
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.107740	0.113339	0.110274	0.115258	0.121290	0.126611	0.125121	0.129025	0.132969	0.133264
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.031344	0.040723	0.048068	0.054636	0.060240	0.063626	0.067794	0.071894	0.074017	0.075888
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.032079	0.041023	0.048985	0.055618	0.060930	0.065163	0.069551	0.073710	0.075653	0.077286
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.424344	0.441623	0.454751	0.450864	0.478567	0.516373	0.508200	0.552283	0.533569	0.558130
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.107940	0.112362	0.114205	0.123501	0.124916	0.128117	0.131393	0.134994	0.135078	0.139598
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.028210	0.037079	0.044391	0.050590	0.056140	0.060201	0.064363	0.068005	0.069922	0.071892
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.028727	0.037572	0.044772	0.050793	0.056261	0.060795	0.064932	0.068881	0.071004	0.072641
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.331961	0.325437	0.322085	0.369098	0.359229	0.369655	0.377883	0.377395	0.377017	0.372651
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.068910	0.076307	0.066115	0.077997	0.076425	0.076636	0.081865	0.081845	0.081512	0.078140
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.037223	0.028933	0.033492	0.040363	0.044236	0.048716	0.054162	0.057978	0.059831	0.061547
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.037358	0.029432	0.033993	0.041042	0.044745	0.049288	0.054609	0.058483	0.060378	0.062119
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.302148	0.306706	0.279205	0.327803	0.326665	0.325303	0.348958	0.346029	0.349422	0.323651
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.062765	0.069688	0.060488	0.067658	0.068430	0.067334	0.071605	0.072182	0.074000	0.068688
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.034698	0.027404	0.031996	0.038658	0.042567	0.047062	0.052442	0.056287	0.058211	0.059977
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.035573	0.028780	0.033182	0.040159	0.043767	0.048246	0.053462	0.057326	0.059227	0.060986
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.288006	0.319729	0.269946	0.332836	0.303944	0.303416	0.308689	0.309041	0.323439	0.297737
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.069648	0.077979	0.067883	0.074178	0.071462	0.067102	0.070403	0.071082	0.073032	0.068837
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.032553	0.028271	0.033333	0.040289	0.044062	0.048211	0.053273	0.056817	0.058742	0.060482
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.033135	0.029409	0.034224	0.041319	0.044905	0.049011	0.054086	0.057604	0.059533	0.061257

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	68.371628	63.59697	63.230099	66.214203	62.680222	62.852608	68.301765	66.414047	70.809464	66.509468

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.120322	0.126820	0.124399	0.126362	0.130936	0.133366	0.132925	0.137146	0.136861	0.135626
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.108074	0.112117	0.111224	0.113655	0.114708	0.118078	0.117478	0.120819	0.120551	0.118112

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	4.488912	9.431561	14.598917	19.80061	24.931944	30.062395	35.269478	40.438713