Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.2.1'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open XiHe forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.xihe()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 2TB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                         latitude: 2041, longitude: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6
  * latitude            (latitude) float32 8kB -80.0 -79.92 ... 89.92 90.0
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float32 17kB -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:              CF-1.8
    challenger:               xihe
    forecast_reference_time:  2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:   challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:   xihe

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 2041
  • longitude: 4320
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940000e-01, 2.645700e+00, 5.078200e+00, 7.929600e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581010e+01, 2.159880e+01, 2.944470e+01, 4.034410e+01, 5.576430e+01,
           7.785390e+01, 9.232610e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    -80.0 -79.92 -79.83 ... 89.92 90.0

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-80.      , -79.916664, -79.833336, ...,  89.83334 ,  89.91667 ,
            90.      ], shape=(2041,), dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-180.     , -179.91667, -179.83333, ...,  179.75   ,  179.83334,
            179.91669], shape=(4320,), dtype=float32)

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 17.08 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 37440 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49399998784065247,   2.645699977874756,   5.078199863433838,
             7.929599761962891,  11.404999732971191,  15.810099601745605,
            21.598800659179688,  29.444700241088867,   40.34410095214844,
             55.76430130004883,   77.85389709472656,   92.32610321044922,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([             -80.0, -79.91666412353516, -79.83333587646484,
                       -79.75, -79.66666412353516, -79.58333587646484,
                        -79.5, -79.41666412353516, -79.33333587646484,
                       -79.25,
           ...
                        89.25,  89.33334350585938,  89.41667175292969,
                         89.5,  89.58334350585938,  89.66667175292969,
                        89.75,  89.83334350585938,  89.91667175292969,
                         90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=2041))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([            -180.0, -179.9166717529297, -179.8333282470703,
                      -179.75, -179.6666717529297, -179.5833282470703,
                       -179.5, -179.4166717529297, -179.3333282470703,
                      -179.25,
           ...
           179.16668701171875,             179.25, 179.33334350585938,
           179.41668701171875,              179.5, 179.58334350585938,
           179.66668701171875,             179.75, 179.83334350585938,
           179.91668701171875],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=4320))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (5)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  xihe

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  xihe

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.080570	0.083601	0.083425	0.084013	0.083871	0.086680	0.085985	0.087158	0.087105	0.088084
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.663286	0.638861	0.646985	0.666030	0.667720	0.673400	0.661496	0.721736	0.743011	0.756158
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.608941	0.603992	0.620443	0.623497	0.620927	0.609789	0.602842	0.600460	0.615648	0.598144
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.115408	0.113783	0.114052	0.113845	0.114288	0.114217	0.113006	0.113800	0.112902	0.113140
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.116585	0.114812	0.115243	0.115241	0.116329	0.116029	0.115167	0.116370	0.115921	0.115528
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.766112	0.762175	0.763486	0.770537	0.773860	0.793104	0.743504	0.798955	0.816554	0.841532
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.323296	0.332503	0.334634	0.329771	0.340739	0.338073	0.331893	0.333035	0.334973	0.352504
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.106458	0.104299	0.103898	0.102905	0.103167	0.102930	0.101672	0.102437	0.101488	0.101190
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.107423	0.104860	0.104343	0.103167	0.103857	0.103277	0.102120	0.102999	0.102410	0.102329
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.894827	0.905825	0.911329	0.920578	0.917787	0.929371	0.919944	0.945593	0.956866	0.973032
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.200682	0.202409	0.201719	0.199308	0.203077	0.201880	0.204853	0.201538	0.207669	0.215701
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.102880	0.100390	0.099582	0.097843	0.097757	0.097456	0.095917	0.096596	0.095557	0.095083
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.106170	0.103513	0.102682	0.100868	0.100872	0.100127	0.098992	0.099702	0.098848	0.098737
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.781107	0.750763	0.770393	0.737686	0.768323	0.779779	0.778843	0.795658	0.779410	0.790591
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.136539	0.137351	0.138198	0.135366	0.136151	0.136971	0.133783	0.135486	0.134056	0.135576
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.097328	0.099877	0.097846	0.095185	0.094940	0.094970	0.095268	0.095302	0.094073	0.093410
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.101732	0.104372	0.102687	0.100001	0.100132	0.099730	0.099331	0.099695	0.098629	0.097891
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.662755	0.626247	0.645462	0.619028	0.644445	0.662112	0.643956	0.662115	0.655429	0.656985
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.102966	0.103796	0.105674	0.102927	0.102756	0.103521	0.100207	0.102512	0.100389	0.102930
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.093881	0.096643	0.094728	0.092114	0.091827	0.091878	0.092127	0.091957	0.090820	0.090049
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.097220	0.099958	0.098420	0.095618	0.095678	0.095519	0.095417	0.095537	0.094395	0.093515
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.475830	0.457395	0.466323	0.450998	0.471018	0.476199	0.466470	0.479346	0.477386	0.475310
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.073674	0.075804	0.074608	0.074641	0.073001	0.074842	0.071558	0.073851	0.072509	0.074357
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.085401	0.088441	0.086639	0.084084	0.083637	0.083579	0.083661	0.083131	0.082336	0.081626
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.088263	0.091419	0.089880	0.087188	0.087049	0.086849	0.086635	0.086459	0.085671	0.084956

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	73.793816	68.109726	70.500832	73.592606	67.212051	68.390984	73.305016	75.713097	78.949432	64.912582

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.519113	0.518469	0.523207	0.575119	0.574088	0.657969	0.513104	0.642574	0.578896	0.563067
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.533393	0.551998	0.543891	0.527990	0.526178	0.515337	0.486256	0.499191	0.516869	0.514413

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.827681	0.850135	0.825018	0.864820	0.886349	0.935867	0.915200	0.942167	0.982418	0.959814
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.790706	0.826710	0.847602	0.887060	0.912828	0.922657	0.921889	0.919485	0.966517	0.998555
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.918791	0.942303	0.917347	0.968459	0.973882	0.990037	0.984000	1.011819	1.019024	1.050631
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.809930	0.824450	0.795232	0.831337	0.837570	0.821245	0.841779	0.836520	0.855257	0.855931
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.543093	0.538368	0.528825	0.538841	0.543478	0.550186	0.560908	0.566489	0.584120	0.570380
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.269382	0.293226	0.293964	0.304462	0.287155	0.299249	0.272486	0.278354	0.305268	0.303121
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.248634	0.250597	0.249743	0.255119	0.267397	0.250162	0.254363	0.252794	0.259799	0.261310
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.137681	0.135892	0.131146	0.140599	0.136592	0.132864	0.142001	0.136247	0.134200	0.137226
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.080870	0.082628	0.079516	0.081017	0.079216	0.079789	0.082040	0.082919	0.083415	0.083495
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.107664	0.104867	0.107489	0.111975	0.114705	0.112713	0.119214	0.115221	0.115807	0.116930
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.218455	0.215305	0.217684	0.217741	0.216582	0.216584	0.218436	0.219323	0.218594	0.220536
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.199061	0.196908	0.197786	0.199661	0.199683	0.200544	0.199650	0.200301	0.199249	0.200112

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	10.590963	20.509855	29.702858	38.340897	46.550171	54.305332	61.705608	68.855141

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.036875	0.043992	0.047145	0.050995	0.054934	0.058633	0.062897	0.062417	0.064428	0.066169
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.456527	0.480436	0.491924	0.535420	0.566563	0.593215	0.597205	0.669507	0.676268	0.700680
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.315915	0.375290	0.350296	0.367491	0.376986	0.406577	0.426285	0.443827	0.455141	0.491623
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.056327	0.068524	0.077604	0.085607	0.093473	0.099814	0.105760	0.111462	0.114219	0.116981
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.059327	0.070646	0.079401	0.087968	0.095845	0.102837	0.108675	0.114835	0.118273	0.120673
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.532362	0.577772	0.588314	0.620116	0.663467	0.706444	0.680279	0.737979	0.754127	0.790824
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.127234	0.135888	0.132826	0.147237	0.147325	0.153068	0.160633	0.164862	0.169708	0.165205
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.042693	0.052511	0.060659	0.067808	0.075666	0.082604	0.088994	0.095296	0.098395	0.101343
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.043320	0.052770	0.060823	0.068705	0.076328	0.083435	0.090314	0.096546	0.100205	0.103516
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.533783	0.562746	0.580940	0.626943	0.650640	0.688933	0.709213	0.754030	0.777070	0.798454
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.101477	0.111090	0.110479	0.123296	0.120254	0.125607	0.127425	0.133750	0.134405	0.130613
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.038056	0.047980	0.055617	0.062617	0.069956	0.076792	0.082776	0.088597	0.091633	0.094243
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.038153	0.048969	0.056723	0.064044	0.071376	0.078053	0.084047	0.089880	0.093223	0.095903
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.421596	0.389815	0.394406	0.447147	0.456996	0.480622	0.515402	0.539086	0.539061	0.552475
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.069846	0.069080	0.068159	0.077412	0.078100	0.082144	0.087328	0.090374	0.091768	0.092685
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.060158	0.037241	0.042178	0.049840	0.054764	0.061287	0.067305	0.072424	0.074996	0.077691
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.055644	0.036786	0.041709	0.049471	0.054153	0.060363	0.066381	0.071251	0.073919	0.076582
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.374060	0.329469	0.335201	0.378470	0.393206	0.416541	0.441453	0.466397	0.470295	0.479253
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.060250	0.057909	0.059017	0.065386	0.066884	0.070368	0.074615	0.077185	0.078156	0.079649
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.055524	0.034668	0.039418	0.046782	0.051372	0.057428	0.063199	0.068108	0.070609	0.073239
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.050884	0.033821	0.038672	0.045958	0.050473	0.056225	0.061998	0.066640	0.069242	0.071807
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.297330	0.269142	0.266309	0.307753	0.314833	0.324220	0.347952	0.366213	0.370304	0.375787
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.050165	0.049431	0.048212	0.053537	0.053298	0.056372	0.058764	0.060458	0.060502	0.062142
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.046662	0.031307	0.035850	0.042606	0.046502	0.051509	0.056702	0.060832	0.063101	0.065427
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.042376	0.030601	0.035073	0.041883	0.045583	0.050348	0.055429	0.059437	0.061719	0.064030

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	66.41745	60.339035	63.728062	66.693474	60.221031	61.439167	66.535873	68.485023	71.432304	58.505215

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.717421	0.721559	0.745230	0.880426	0.814661	0.953255	0.871180	0.910392	0.803874	0.807155
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.654341	0.664201	0.650573	0.637127	0.646711	0.639724	0.595387	0.614952	0.627929	0.622847

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	5.164047	10.617428	16.106134	21.811449	27.832058	34.067234	40.468502	47.012474