Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.2.1'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open WenHai forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.wenhai()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 2TB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                         latitude: 2041, longitude: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6
  * latitude            (latitude) float32 8kB -80.0 -79.92 ... 89.92 90.0
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float32 17kB -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:              CF-1.8
    challenger:               wenhai
    forecast_reference_time:  2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:   challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:   wenhai

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 2041
  • longitude: 4320
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940250e-01, 2.645669e+00, 5.078224e+00, 7.929560e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581007e+01, 2.159882e+01, 2.944473e+01, 4.034405e+01, 5.576429e+01,
           7.785385e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    -80.0 -79.92 -79.83 ... 89.92 90.0

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-80.      , -79.916664, -79.833336, ...,  89.83334 ,  89.91667 ,
            90.      ], shape=(2041,), dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-180.     , -179.91667, -179.83333, ...,  179.75   ,  179.83334,
            179.91669], shape=(4320,), dtype=float32)

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    longitudeg_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    longitudeg_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    longitudeg_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    longitudeg_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    longitudeg_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 17.08 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 37440 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,  2.6456689834594727,   5.078224182128906,
              7.92956018447876,  11.404999732971191,  15.810070037841797,
            21.598819732666016,  29.444730758666992,  40.344051361083984,
             55.76428985595703,   77.85385131835938,    92.3260726928711,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([             -80.0, -79.91666412353516, -79.83333587646484,
                       -79.75, -79.66666412353516, -79.58333587646484,
                        -79.5, -79.41666412353516, -79.33333587646484,
                       -79.25,
           ...
                        89.25,  89.33334350585938,  89.41667175292969,
                         89.5,  89.58334350585938,  89.66667175292969,
                        89.75,  89.83334350585938,  89.91667175292969,
                         90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=2041))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([            -180.0, -179.9166717529297, -179.8333282470703,
                      -179.75, -179.6666717529297, -179.5833282470703,
                       -179.5, -179.4166717529297, -179.3333282470703,
                      -179.25,
           ...
           179.16668701171875,             179.25, 179.33334350585938,
           179.41668701171875,              179.5, 179.58334350585938,
           179.66668701171875,             179.75, 179.83334350585938,
           179.91668701171875],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=4320))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (5)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  wenhai

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  wenhai

Evaluation configuration

region = 'ibi'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.096342	0.098396	0.098212	0.098960	0.099799	0.100143	0.099783	0.101229	0.103954	0.104856
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.657218	0.657823	0.657490	0.659836	0.663573	0.672468	0.680662	0.694966	0.710118	0.727834
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.850222	0.848334	0.846966	0.845452	0.844505	0.843471	0.842757	0.842403	0.841452	0.841542
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.131447	0.130700	0.130429	0.130833	0.130840	0.131258	0.132126	0.133017	0.134870	0.135920
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.133416	0.132522	0.132177	0.132970	0.133242	0.134594	0.135770	0.137574	0.138857	0.140924
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	1.321698	1.319839	1.318203	1.316889	1.316534	1.316992	1.317736	1.318966	1.319807	1.320149
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	1.879569	1.878891	1.878315	1.877779	1.877430	1.876975	1.876520	1.876145	1.875690	1.875274
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.202714	0.202241	0.201881	0.201843	0.201582	0.201529	0.201608	0.201615	0.201684	0.201707
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.218581	0.217901	0.217570	0.217292	0.217180	0.217166	0.217313	0.217512	0.217413	0.217464
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	1.340020	1.338487	1.337174	1.336137	1.335460	1.335317	1.335385	1.335821	1.335788	1.335417
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	1.900451	1.900147	1.899842	1.899573	1.899294	1.899073	1.898874	1.898766	1.898597	1.898390
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.182033	0.181661	0.181385	0.181285	0.181170	0.181073	0.181058	0.181129	0.181172	0.181150
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.188903	0.188566	0.188336	0.188165	0.188077	0.188143	0.188262	0.188258	0.188290	0.188262
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	1.247212	1.246325	1.245652	1.245077	1.244715	1.244750	1.244978	1.245186	1.245076	1.244792
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	2.036093	2.035928	2.035761	2.035623	2.035494	2.035367	2.035266	2.035170	2.035064	2.034936
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.167630	0.167260	0.166999	0.166812	0.166706	0.166616	0.166575	0.166577	0.166479	0.166366
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.180222	0.179968	0.179743	0.179560	0.179543	0.179548	0.179545	0.179566	0.179573	0.179493
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	1.080106	1.079288	1.078819	1.078463	1.078252	1.078243	1.078372	1.078501	1.078285	1.078110
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	1.897703	1.897577	1.897461	1.897368	1.897277	1.897190	1.897115	1.897033	1.896949	1.896865
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.148712	0.148369	0.148076	0.147826	0.147714	0.147622	0.147578	0.147521	0.147478	0.147369
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.157197	0.156917	0.156688	0.156559	0.156519	0.156522	0.156539	0.156575	0.156569	0.156494
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.964261	0.963691	0.963312	0.963157	0.963266	0.963478	0.963802	0.964207	0.964329	0.964436
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	1.864264	1.864132	1.864001	1.863886	1.863789	1.863692	1.863594	1.863504	1.863419	1.863321
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.145221	0.144702	0.144264	0.143942	0.143710	0.143513	0.143352	0.143210	0.143035	0.142850
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.142567	0.142118	0.141765	0.141498	0.141299	0.141155	0.141063	0.141000	0.140884	0.140779

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	31.329212	34.716873	37.163998	40.081429	42.543728	44.715187	47.022732	49.322922	51.195847	51.535042

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.745037	0.743723	0.742374	0.741345	0.740117	0.739249	0.738585	0.738128	0.737770	0.737412
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.426207	0.425107	0.424123	0.423619	0.422995	0.422526	0.422273	0.422019	0.421723	0.421762

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.503273	0.544724	0.589130	0.482736	0.502515	0.528038	0.778100	0.556645	0.589021	0.635365
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.421458	0.458195	0.399767	0.479860	0.484290	0.464155	0.565062	0.504765	0.578859	0.528861
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.661091	0.674169	0.682830	0.685502	0.770687	0.712672	0.760743	0.724496	0.734310	0.753136
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.896740	0.485747	0.499955	0.328241	0.328513	1.000379	0.512624	0.912475	0.505642	0.521872
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.534435	0.605146	0.895854	0.341174	0.282268	0.624832	0.492207	0.533839	0.619650	0.893697
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.668032	0.868521	0.853020	0.659528	0.627781	0.737732	0.638575	0.706206	0.897368	0.887945
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.320156	0.323262	0.333576	0.319141	0.313614	0.400442	0.316734	0.337106	0.348760	0.363458
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	1.744814	0.743591	0.868881	0.214067	0.140640	1.849901	0.746853	1.748301	0.749468	0.871962
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	1.030196	1.207693	1.822286	0.494019	0.271680	1.292335	0.797357	1.035822	1.217572	1.823107
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.118487	0.115420	0.115670	0.112611	0.112486	0.112356	0.114063	0.117161	0.115942	0.116063
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.217829	0.220649	0.219396	0.220920	0.209801	0.218813	0.223081	0.221442	0.224362	0.223475
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.184728	0.186289	0.183484	0.182214	0.188164	0.183535	0.194876	0.186735	0.189604	0.188867

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	8.544234	16.442921	23.710775	30.453285	36.740749	42.680382	48.362381	53.817856

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.021632	0.027272	0.029215	0.033314	0.035987	0.036900	0.037416	0.041111	0.046530	0.051218
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.152586	0.210069	0.244456	0.276291	0.304253	0.340400	0.371014	0.406592	0.440352	0.474710
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.056951	0.084138	0.103795	0.119685	0.133831	0.146930	0.159908	0.171890	0.181487	0.190850
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.036768	0.044265	0.049648	0.056461	0.062031	0.067997	0.074375	0.080279	0.086827	0.090444
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.038142	0.045296	0.051356	0.058497	0.064346	0.071837	0.078470	0.085921	0.091525	0.096435
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.168851	0.230037	0.281117	0.321224	0.356349	0.390125	0.422343	0.452000	0.470351	0.489858
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.036028	0.049084	0.059632	0.068530	0.076570	0.084254	0.091638	0.098529	0.103909	0.109037
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.026398	0.033498	0.039873	0.046357	0.052287	0.057690	0.063711	0.069284	0.073784	0.077548
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.027165	0.033976	0.040924	0.047421	0.053079	0.059082	0.065386	0.071253	0.075390	0.079320
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.131543	0.176354	0.213672	0.247994	0.281094	0.312476	0.342746	0.370451	0.388753	0.406026
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.034747	0.047102	0.057555	0.066811	0.075284	0.083185	0.090685	0.097650	0.102831	0.107700
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.022394	0.029617	0.036160	0.042328	0.048142	0.053886	0.059736	0.065002	0.068978	0.072694
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.022138	0.029802	0.036417	0.042725	0.048578	0.054488	0.060354	0.065817	0.069855	0.073417
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.105709	0.140418	0.169511	0.195587	0.220687	0.245252	0.269350	0.291065	0.305223	0.318317
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.025698	0.033342	0.040000	0.045787	0.051114	0.056163	0.061018	0.065337	0.068393	0.071221
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.018645	0.025310	0.031345	0.037173	0.042883	0.048573	0.054258	0.059397	0.063067	0.066278
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.018386	0.025345	0.031509	0.037323	0.043090	0.048878	0.054548	0.059719	0.063436	0.066672
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.090783	0.124536	0.152235	0.176118	0.198128	0.219206	0.239819	0.258529	0.271097	0.282625
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.021920	0.028567	0.034324	0.039251	0.043682	0.047788	0.051720	0.055257	0.057842	0.060238
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.017735	0.024425	0.030467	0.036239	0.041854	0.047412	0.052920	0.057907	0.061499	0.064628
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.017489	0.024434	0.030599	0.036356	0.042045	0.047674	0.053139	0.058144	0.061744	0.064889
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.078519	0.112375	0.140029	0.163298	0.184178	0.203667	0.222271	0.238686	0.249786	0.259998
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.021144	0.027940	0.033896	0.038917	0.043240	0.047174	0.050801	0.053939	0.056196	0.058268
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.017889	0.025625	0.032275	0.038203	0.043756	0.049048	0.054166	0.058768	0.062137	0.065113
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.017718	0.025692	0.032472	0.038429	0.043999	0.049307	0.054395	0.058993	0.062372	0.065334

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	23.973751	30.062386	34.360886	37.77713	40.444157	42.975151	45.19836	48.054913	50.194424	51.112831

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.029402	0.040224	0.048003	0.056510	0.06352	0.070441	0.077064	0.083079	0.088562	0.093618
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.025281	0.034494	0.041709	0.049014	0.05543	0.061522	0.067678	0.073253	0.078008	0.082567

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	3.176909	6.449338	9.88689	13.673752	17.799328	22.238661	26.974339	31.985735