Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.2.1'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open WenHai forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.wenhai()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 2TB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                         latitude: 2041, longitude: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6
  * latitude            (latitude) float32 8kB -80.0 -79.92 ... 89.92 90.0
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float32 17kB -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:              CF-1.8
    challenger:               wenhai
    forecast_reference_time:  2024-01-02
    oceanbench_source_kind:   challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:   wenhai

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 2041
  • longitude: 4320
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    array([4.940250e-01, 2.645669e+00, 5.078224e+00, 7.929560e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581007e+01, 2.159882e+01, 2.944473e+01, 4.034405e+01, 5.576429e+01,
           7.785385e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    -80.0 -79.92 -79.83 ... 89.92 90.0

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([-80.      , -79.916664, -79.833336, ...,  89.83334 ,  89.91667 ,
            90.      ], shape=(2041,), dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([-180.     , -179.91667, -179.83333, ...,  179.75   ,  179.83334,
            179.91669], shape=(4320,), dtype=float32)

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Salinity

    longitudeg_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Temperature

    longitudeg_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    longitudeg_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    longitudeg_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 861120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 256, 512), meta=np.ndarray>

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    longitudeg_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    Array Chunk Bytes 17.08 GiB 512.00 kiB Shape (52, 10, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 256, 512) Dask graph 37440 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,  2.6456689834594727,   5.078224182128906,
              7.92956018447876,  11.404999732971191,  15.810070037841797,
            21.598819732666016,  29.444730758666992,  40.344051361083984,
             55.76428985595703,   77.85385131835938,    92.3260726928711,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([             -80.0, -79.91666412353516, -79.83333587646484,
                       -79.75, -79.66666412353516, -79.58333587646484,
                        -79.5, -79.41666412353516, -79.33333587646484,
                       -79.25,
           ...
                        89.25,  89.33334350585938,  89.41667175292969,
                         89.5,  89.58334350585938,  89.66667175292969,
                        89.75,  89.83334350585938,  89.91667175292969,
                         90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=2041))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([            -180.0, -179.9166717529297, -179.8333282470703,
                      -179.75, -179.6666717529297, -179.5833282470703,
                       -179.5, -179.4166717529297, -179.3333282470703,
                      -179.25,
           ...
           179.16668701171875,             179.25, 179.33334350585938,
           179.41668701171875,              179.5, 179.58334350585938,
           179.66668701171875,             179.75, 179.83334350585938,
           179.91668701171875],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=4320))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (5)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  challenger :

  wenhai

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  wenhai

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.116497	0.116232	0.116063	0.116233	0.116552	0.116958	0.117427	0.118187	0.118838	0.119569
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.608022	0.606956	0.606132	0.607135	0.610259	0.615139	0.622622	0.631145	0.638970	0.648061
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	1.165497	1.158578	1.152440	1.146849	1.141866	1.137800	1.134263	1.130776	1.127275	1.124430
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.163084	0.162531	0.162481	0.162846	0.163393	0.164419	0.165741	0.167373	0.168604	0.169862
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.164409	0.163899	0.163948	0.164339	0.165176	0.166443	0.168206	0.170091	0.171423	0.172762
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.901804	0.898549	0.896810	0.896013	0.897321	0.899845	0.903434	0.908075	0.911195	0.914458
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	1.118672	1.117954	1.117332	1.116792	1.116346	1.115989	1.115658	1.115381	1.115102	1.114828
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.151090	0.150834	0.150901	0.151297	0.151858	0.152621	0.153698	0.154873	0.155639	0.156349
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.159303	0.159123	0.159330	0.159733	0.160308	0.161154	0.162397	0.163774	0.164635	0.165551
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	1.041641	1.039500	1.038640	1.039379	1.041889	1.045828	1.051384	1.057081	1.060832	1.065303
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	1.058117	1.057820	1.057580	1.057384	1.057242	1.057149	1.057092	1.057054	1.056977	1.056905
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.135954	0.135623	0.135542	0.135713	0.136100	0.136757	0.137668	0.138667	0.139240	0.139762
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.140716	0.140468	0.140430	0.140712	0.141261	0.141992	0.143007	0.144195	0.144981	0.145728
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.882721	0.880949	0.879891	0.879716	0.880504	0.882495	0.885582	0.888920	0.890339	0.891963
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.998154	0.998014	0.997910	0.997834	0.997787	0.997765	0.997762	0.997765	0.997736	0.997718
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.122795	0.122279	0.121983	0.121890	0.121988	0.122289	0.122829	0.123466	0.123770	0.124069
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.130391	0.129996	0.129735	0.129671	0.129796	0.130112	0.130624	0.131283	0.131706	0.132108
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.745870	0.744289	0.743598	0.743852	0.745006	0.747116	0.750069	0.753363	0.754940	0.756644
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.924663	0.924566	0.924500	0.924453	0.924422	0.924414	0.924419	0.924431	0.924420	0.924418
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.114857	0.114286	0.113920	0.113754	0.113789	0.114025	0.114466	0.114983	0.115218	0.115453
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.120330	0.119901	0.119600	0.119499	0.119536	0.119759	0.120185	0.120718	0.121053	0.121369
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.558812	0.557767	0.557188	0.557275	0.558010	0.559462	0.561616	0.564050	0.565349	0.566766
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.807834	0.807770	0.807720	0.807684	0.807659	0.807643	0.807636	0.807633	0.807618	0.807605
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.102792	0.102147	0.101685	0.101393	0.101279	0.101327	0.101538	0.101844	0.101962	0.102093
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.104407	0.103850	0.103450	0.103244	0.103191	0.103298	0.103549	0.103888	0.104086	0.104297

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	40.784466	43.305786	45.842484	48.105751	50.090439	51.925339	53.693394	55.277798	56.448372	57.609673

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	2.006254	2.006025	2.006262	2.006995	2.008071	2.009398	2.011054	2.013237	2.016004	2.019115
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	1.375278	1.375652	1.376109	1.376485	1.377044	1.377529	1.378161	1.379185	1.380086	1.381011

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.796078	0.823342	0.791933	0.807557	0.839524	0.877188	0.878279	0.895570	0.920511	0.889847
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.761511	0.766470	0.781756	0.816180	0.815369	0.827884	0.845016	0.830081	0.835523	0.859913
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.899192	0.907013	0.891902	0.927570	0.937641	0.931131	0.939790	0.965908	0.975225	0.992231
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.827166	0.841780	0.830031	0.829948	0.856612	0.867507	0.877454	0.892256	0.916227	0.926908
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.559544	0.570993	0.577279	0.560723	0.577239	0.594678	0.600474	0.611488	0.614823	0.639178
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.273981	0.289444	0.289818	0.309662	0.289851	0.299792	0.279885	0.289093	0.300815	0.300801
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.272773	0.271402	0.272247	0.274060	0.281151	0.308359	0.297400	0.285789	0.281998	0.291005
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.356047	0.238506	0.254165	0.168063	0.165317	0.354536	0.240711	0.358148	0.241759	0.261306
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.289873	0.255482	0.334575	0.205515	0.146836	0.231019	0.235714	0.291529	0.256698	0.337118
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.116088	0.117423	0.118694	0.120270	0.121442	0.123213	0.124838	0.126470	0.128203	0.129402
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.214525	0.213632	0.217404	0.218303	0.216508	0.218000	0.222164	0.224634	0.224457	0.227848
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.196361	0.196704	0.198708	0.201201	0.202134	0.204259	0.205759	0.207406	0.208085	0.209661

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	10.295852	19.99651	29.122683	37.79921	46.109055	54.104416	61.865192	69.435753

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.019227	0.025001	0.029373	0.033967	0.038503	0.042601	0.046762	0.051000	0.053866	0.056971
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.156769	0.201905	0.238721	0.274397	0.310625	0.347204	0.386084	0.422740	0.449998	0.476613
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.149350	0.184295	0.214240	0.242981	0.268253	0.291301	0.313743	0.335193	0.354155	0.371312
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.048212	0.057217	0.064920	0.073075	0.081384	0.089961	0.098697	0.106868	0.112520	0.117591
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.047482	0.057621	0.065982	0.074328	0.083082	0.092105	0.101241	0.109883	0.116193	0.121694
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.206690	0.266643	0.313790	0.357034	0.400041	0.442736	0.484916	0.523641	0.549206	0.573276
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.053152	0.069267	0.081405	0.092033	0.102095	0.111717	0.120993	0.129557	0.135996	0.141933
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.037730	0.046266	0.053721	0.061377	0.069301	0.077300	0.085616	0.093217	0.098386	0.103020
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.037234	0.046865	0.054957	0.062838	0.070870	0.079282	0.088033	0.096188	0.101878	0.106801
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.221545	0.280503	0.328826	0.376213	0.424155	0.473086	0.522055	0.566699	0.596194	0.624203
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.040595	0.053224	0.062822	0.071192	0.079074	0.086733	0.094231	0.101135	0.106084	0.110608
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.032092	0.040359	0.047364	0.054563	0.062160	0.069999	0.077894	0.085037	0.089812	0.094045
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.031452	0.040377	0.047768	0.055251	0.063033	0.070960	0.078980	0.086408	0.091583	0.096014
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.166666	0.218344	0.259674	0.298594	0.337573	0.377217	0.417531	0.454519	0.479039	0.501280
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.032113	0.042601	0.050821	0.057863	0.064361	0.070596	0.076686	0.082248	0.086288	0.089985
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.026308	0.034144	0.040689	0.047154	0.053861	0.060715	0.067645	0.074002	0.078357	0.082201
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.024999	0.033089	0.039720	0.046244	0.052927	0.059751	0.066585	0.072921	0.077462	0.081432
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.141698	0.189694	0.228231	0.263646	0.298580	0.333979	0.369799	0.402683	0.424589	0.444372
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.027780	0.037045	0.044396	0.050666	0.056421	0.061919	0.067257	0.072136	0.075732	0.079015
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.024584	0.032292	0.038682	0.044864	0.051183	0.057607	0.064072	0.070048	0.074201	0.077897
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.023115	0.030990	0.037446	0.043629	0.049890	0.056277	0.062676	0.068622	0.072940	0.076745
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.112289	0.155960	0.190043	0.219912	0.248121	0.276022	0.303971	0.329720	0.347147	0.362928
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.022731	0.030360	0.036438	0.041505	0.046003	0.050200	0.054209	0.057858	0.060606	0.063102
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.022183	0.030020	0.036262	0.041953	0.047493	0.052979	0.058433	0.063482	0.067120	0.070380
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.020734	0.028685	0.034969	0.040658	0.046181	0.051662	0.057089	0.062148	0.065902	0.069270

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	22.779385	28.486935	32.885616	36.379002	39.237106	41.7136	43.953129	45.803059	47.309345	48.706448

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.146493	0.224647	0.300696	0.372886	0.446610	0.518992	0.590569	0.662225	0.737204	0.810578
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.102532	0.131636	0.155041	0.175872	0.194991	0.212925	0.230070	0.246550	0.261392	0.276579

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	4.046211	8.213248	12.590975	17.387632	22.64105	28.359407	34.527573	41.025841