Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.2.1'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open GLONET forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.glonet()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 342GB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 21,
                         latitude: 672, longitude: 1440)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 84B 0.494 47.37 ... 4.833e+03 5.275e+03
  * latitude            (latitude) float64 5kB -78.0 -77.75 -77.5 ... 89.5 89.75
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float64 12kB -180.0 -179.8 ... 179.5 179.8
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float64 85GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2, 3, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float64 85GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2, 3, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float64 85GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2, 3, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float64 85GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2, 3, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float64 4GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:              CF-1.8
    area:                     Global
    challenger:               glonet
    contact:                  glonet@mercator-ocean.eu
    forecast_reference_time:  2024-01-02
    institution:              Mercator Ocean International
    references:               www.edito.eu
    source:                   MOI GLONET
    title:                    Daily mean fields from GLONET 1/4 degree resolu...
    oceanbench_source_kind:   challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:   glonet

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 21
  • latitude: 672
  • longitude: 1440
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 47.37 ... 4.833e+03 5.275e+03

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    valid_max :

    5727.917

    valid_min :

    0.494025

    array([4.940250e-01, 4.737369e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.558507e+02, 2.224752e+02,
           3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02, 4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02,
           7.633331e+02, 9.023393e+02, 1.245291e+03, 1.684284e+03, 2.225078e+03,
           3.220820e+03, 3.597032e+03, 3.992484e+03, 4.405224e+03, 4.833291e+03,
           5.274784e+03], dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -78.0 -77.75 -77.5 ... 89.5 89.75

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    valid_max :

    89.75

    valid_min :

    -78.0

    array([-78.  , -77.75, -77.5 , ...,  89.25,  89.5 ,  89.75], shape=(672,))

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    -180.0 -179.8 ... 179.5 179.8

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    valid_max :

    179.75

    valid_min :

    -180.0

    array([-180.  , -179.75, -179.5 , ...,  179.25,  179.5 ,  179.75],
          shape=(1440,))

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2, 3, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    units :

    1e-3

    valid_max :

    50.0

    valid_min :

    0.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 78.73 GiB 2.77 MiB Shape (52, 10, 21, 672, 1440) (1, 2, 3, 168, 360) Dask graph 29120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float64 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2, 3, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    units :

    degrees_C

    valid_max :

    40.0

    valid_min :

    -10.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 78.73 GiB 2.77 MiB Shape (52, 10, 21, 672, 1440) (1, 2, 3, 168, 360) Dask graph 29120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float64 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2, 3, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    valid_max :

    5.0

    valid_min :

    -5.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 78.73 GiB 2.77 MiB Shape (52, 10, 21, 672, 1440) (1, 2, 3, 168, 360) Dask graph 29120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float64 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2, 3, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    units :

    m s-1

    valid_max :

    5.0

    valid_min :

    -5.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 78.73 GiB 2.77 MiB Shape (52, 10, 21, 672, 1440) (1, 2, 3, 168, 360) Dask graph 29120 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float64 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 2, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    units :

    m

    valid_max :

    5.0

    valid_min :

    -5.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 3.75 GiB 0.92 MiB Shape (52, 10, 672, 1440) (1, 2, 168, 360) Dask graph 4160 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float64 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,   47.37369155883789,    92.3260726928711,
            155.85069274902344,  222.47520446777344,   318.1274108886719,
             380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,   541.0889282226562,
             643.5667724609375,   763.3331298828125,   902.3392944335938,
                1245.291015625,  1684.2840576171875,   2225.077880859375,
             3220.820068359375,   3597.031982421875,    3992.48388671875,
              4405.22412109375,      4833.291015625,     5274.7841796875],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([ -78.0, -77.75,  -77.5, -77.25,  -77.0, -76.75,  -76.5, -76.25,  -76.0,
           -75.75,
           ...
             87.5,  87.75,   88.0,  88.25,   88.5,  88.75,   89.0,  89.25,   89.5,
            89.75],
          dtype='float64', name='latitude', length=672))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([ -180.0, -179.75,  -179.5, -179.25,  -179.0, -178.75,  -178.5, -178.25,
            -178.0, -177.75,
           ...
             177.5,  177.75,   178.0,  178.25,   178.5,  178.75,   179.0,  179.25,
             179.5,  179.75],
          dtype='float64', name='longitude', length=1440))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (11)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  area :

  Global

  challenger :

  glonet

  contact :

  glonet@mercator-ocean.eu

  forecast_reference_time :

  2024-01-02

  institution :

  Mercator Ocean International

  references :

  www.edito.eu

  source :

  MOI GLONET

  title :

  Daily mean fields from GLONET 1/4 degree resolution forecast

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  glonet

Evaluation configuration

region = 'ibi'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.061147	0.063840	0.068491	0.071449	0.075019	0.074630	0.073434	0.075008	0.078061	0.079600
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.580605	0.577265	0.682536	0.671974	0.780726	0.767819	0.876252	0.857577	0.966835	0.938215
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.259207	0.258409	0.264760	0.262924	0.274218	0.273284	0.285910	0.283663	0.296415	0.294317
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.092752	0.095852	0.098578	0.101734	0.102138	0.101646	0.102706	0.103010	0.104190	0.103459
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.096025	0.100256	0.103141	0.105560	0.108195	0.108575	0.111219	0.111335	0.112932	0.113338
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.842111	0.840536	0.929926	0.930421	1.038382	1.039381	1.143854	1.145293	1.244540	1.246168
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.200981	0.200160	0.217455	0.216177	0.237059	0.235523	0.258624	0.256534	0.280785	0.277785
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.087297	0.087524	0.087309	0.088102	0.088988	0.088901	0.090398	0.091005	0.092529	0.092955
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.089660	0.089758	0.089471	0.089908	0.090801	0.090728	0.092089	0.092613	0.094043	0.094515
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.756323	0.754077	0.814881	0.813118	0.878731	0.880048	0.943617	0.949596	1.011044	1.021645
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.188656	0.188493	0.188547	0.188862	0.193222	0.193996	0.201172	0.202028	0.210868	0.211475
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.084205	0.084420	0.083970	0.084771	0.085408	0.085676	0.086774	0.087467	0.088475	0.089120
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.086191	0.086270	0.085481	0.085928	0.086363	0.086794	0.087795	0.088578	0.089527	0.090099
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.747239	0.747498	0.809717	0.810310	0.844562	0.846375	0.875590	0.878113	0.908466	0.910362
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.141679	0.140978	0.150241	0.149516	0.159249	0.158813	0.168783	0.168536	0.178521	0.178207
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.079685	0.079840	0.078879	0.079423	0.079582	0.080303	0.080889	0.081715	0.082176	0.082767
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.080563	0.080571	0.079790	0.080080	0.080464	0.081026	0.081891	0.082604	0.083327	0.083703
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.683451	0.682776	0.730733	0.732696	0.740314	0.745738	0.749556	0.757345	0.767121	0.774468
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.116259	0.116183	0.121804	0.121620	0.128475	0.128488	0.136305	0.136301	0.145011	0.144775
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.079289	0.079426	0.078409	0.078829	0.078948	0.079538	0.080059	0.080697	0.081119	0.081534
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.080143	0.080185	0.079272	0.079540	0.079798	0.080298	0.081058	0.081668	0.082377	0.082662
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.444578	0.446726	0.438891	0.441637	0.458126	0.461039	0.486381	0.488861	0.519572	0.520649
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.103199	0.103217	0.113626	0.113737	0.122566	0.122677	0.130773	0.130777	0.138536	0.138295
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.082027	0.082175	0.081200	0.081549	0.081715	0.082167	0.082616	0.083107	0.083439	0.083731
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.083047	0.083104	0.081885	0.082075	0.082055	0.082390	0.082782	0.083149	0.083458	0.083584

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	44.907234	45.288078	47.897087	48.193096	50.995132	51.536072	53.578335	53.676598	55.311794	55.182571

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.079760	0.080072	0.088177	0.088577	0.095457	0.095045	0.100466	0.100747	0.104753	0.105441
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.068461	0.068940	0.074983	0.075427	0.080785	0.080965	0.085472	0.086382	0.089731	0.090808

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.586672	0.596031	0.697303	0.677697	0.755620	0.725741	1.032391	0.814358	0.907177	0.871010
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.789828	0.733837	0.952779	0.914444	1.016245	0.935859	1.128196	1.003265	1.185476	1.208344
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	1.045088	1.041089	1.147332	1.048087	1.234094	1.169967	1.291416	1.266419	1.372554	1.438536
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.449898	0.473675	0.544319	0.520966	0.598340	0.584838	0.714990	0.670977	0.753294	0.774588
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.412232	0.438214	0.399305	0.425153	0.446921	0.448998	0.504823	0.484916	0.545003	0.530690
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.394977	0.348498	0.316568	0.294657	0.325947	0.493939	0.307341	0.440722	0.418871	0.381298
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.232713	0.241860	0.260364	0.226786	0.299367	0.304481	0.312446	0.299970	0.334235	0.355567
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.110366	0.110895	0.123137	0.104473	0.154680	0.142934	0.173442	0.136884	0.173965	0.175883
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.079518	0.078259	0.084289	0.095100	0.107678	0.108940	0.114984	0.126423	0.149098	0.135883
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.112692	0.113958	0.111583	0.111220	0.110744	0.111115	0.110238	0.111980	0.112771	0.112982
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.201773	0.205514	0.205710	0.206548	0.194364	0.206807	0.196057	0.208905	0.211395	0.211832
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.174135	0.175563	0.176049	0.173476	0.177488	0.175104	0.177943	0.179721	0.180747	0.182318

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	8.085674	15.617447	22.767092	29.530811	35.864677	41.877495	47.764656	53.503593

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.028460	0.036145	0.043120	0.050518	0.054417	0.053805	0.053021	0.055049	0.059939	0.062809
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.399886	0.400509	0.561701	0.557973	0.691672	0.685485	0.805569	0.794106	0.904367	0.884466
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.113457	0.114797	0.150442	0.151431	0.180299	0.179301	0.204100	0.203675	0.225451	0.226444
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.037016	0.051183	0.061505	0.071550	0.077197	0.081763	0.087512	0.091735	0.096100	0.097672
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.038245	0.054751	0.064619	0.073776	0.081497	0.086790	0.093888	0.097688	0.102497	0.105039
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.698720	0.690527	0.820287	0.820043	0.954306	0.957246	1.079599	1.085950	1.194169	1.198603
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.112484	0.111378	0.157432	0.156341	0.193746	0.192299	0.225977	0.224049	0.255076	0.251702
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.030953	0.037677	0.045702	0.052033	0.058617	0.062457	0.068813	0.073639	0.078764	0.082006
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.031932	0.038022	0.046706	0.053122	0.059705	0.064159	0.070489	0.075280	0.080037	0.083386
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.485540	0.490005	0.595587	0.605082	0.700333	0.713963	0.799418	0.816631	0.892195	0.910798
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.088856	0.088540	0.119427	0.120102	0.143321	0.144559	0.165091	0.166290	0.184628	0.185071
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.026722	0.032255	0.039738	0.045930	0.052234	0.057053	0.063414	0.068405	0.073040	0.076735
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.026768	0.032330	0.039818	0.045972	0.052133	0.057449	0.063621	0.068907	0.073482	0.077178
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.363439	0.364963	0.467230	0.473188	0.536191	0.546256	0.600472	0.612434	0.661230	0.670945
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.064995	0.064500	0.088030	0.088007	0.107146	0.107542	0.124174	0.124781	0.139257	0.139469
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.021939	0.025936	0.031991	0.037380	0.043295	0.048985	0.054933	0.060378	0.064571	0.068267
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.022129	0.026071	0.032796	0.037838	0.043989	0.049536	0.055620	0.060901	0.065295	0.068882
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.389901	0.391188	0.468612	0.475343	0.502900	0.514835	0.539856	0.553946	0.583872	0.594758
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.067857	0.068026	0.083287	0.083699	0.096866	0.097585	0.110098	0.110751	0.122898	0.122993
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.020412	0.024143	0.030034	0.035333	0.041090	0.046849	0.052625	0.058023	0.062123	0.065823
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.020836	0.024696	0.031357	0.036372	0.042465	0.047994	0.054000	0.059198	0.063609	0.067140
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.227308	0.229192	0.284543	0.288301	0.348396	0.352636	0.408999	0.412093	0.464339	0.464336
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.066897	0.066637	0.085569	0.085586	0.099671	0.099953	0.111606	0.111808	0.121859	0.121757
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.019826	0.023614	0.029630	0.034949	0.040782	0.046455	0.052179	0.057401	0.061566	0.065266
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.020356	0.024295	0.030578	0.035843	0.041564	0.047156	0.052814	0.057900	0.061966	0.065460

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	43.34388	43.928421	46.920475	47.501308	50.360844	51.04377	53.084671	53.198978	54.928585	54.828491

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.041826	0.044980	0.060905	0.065288	0.076356	0.079478	0.087962	0.091209	0.096774	0.099644
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.033338	0.036157	0.048980	0.052390	0.061738	0.064888	0.072148	0.075805	0.080746	0.083670

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	3.626693	7.793196	12.237804	16.98621	21.952158	27.124502	32.596088	38.222801