Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.2.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open WenHai forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.wenhai()

challenger_dataset

Remote data read failed during challenger dataset open (1/12): Response payload is not completed: <ContentLengthError: 400, message='Not enough data to satisfy content length header (received 163319 of 168398 bytes).'>. Retrying in 2s.

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 2TB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                         latitude: 2041, longitude: 4320)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6
  * latitude            (latitude) float32 8kB -80.0 -79.92 ... 89.92 90.0
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * longitude           (longitude) float32 17kB -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 75, 4320), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 75, 4320), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 75, 4320), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 422GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 75, 4320), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 18GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 75, 4320), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    oceanbench_source_kind:  challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:  wenhai

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 2041
  • longitude: 4320
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    long_name :

    Depth

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    units_long :

    Meters

    array([4.940250e-01, 2.645669e+00, 5.078224e+00, 7.929560e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581007e+01, 2.159882e+01, 2.944473e+01, 4.034405e+01, 5.576429e+01,
           7.785385e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    -80.0 -79.92 -79.83 ... 89.92 90.0

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    units_long :

    Degrees North

    array([-80.      , -79.916664, -79.833336, ...,  89.83334 ,  89.91667 ,
            90.      ], shape=(2041,), dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    -180.0 -179.9 ... 179.8 179.9

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    units_long :

    Degrees East

    array([-180.     , -179.91667, -179.83333, ...,  179.75   ,  179.83334,
            179.91669], shape=(4320,), dtype=float32)

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 75, 4320), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 1.24 MiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 75, 4320) Dask graph 334880 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 75, 4320), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 1.24 MiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 75, 4320) Dask graph 334880 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 75, 4320), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 1.24 MiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 75, 4320) Dask graph 334880 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 75, 4320), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    Array Chunk Bytes 392.84 GiB 1.24 MiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 1, 75, 4320) Dask graph 334880 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 75, 4320), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    Array Chunk Bytes 17.08 GiB 1.24 MiB Shape (52, 10, 2041, 4320) (1, 1, 75, 4320) Dask graph 14560 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,  2.6456689834594727,   5.078224182128906,
              7.92956018447876,  11.404999732971191,  15.810070037841797,
            21.598819732666016,  29.444730758666992,  40.344051361083984,
             55.76428985595703,   77.85385131835938,    92.3260726928711,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([             -80.0, -79.91666412353516, -79.83333587646484,
                       -79.75, -79.66666412353516, -79.58333587646484,
                        -79.5, -79.41666412353516, -79.33333587646484,
                       -79.25,
           ...
                        89.25,  89.33334350585938,  89.41667175292969,
                         89.5,  89.58334350585938,  89.66667175292969,
                        89.75,  89.83334350585938,  89.91667175292969,
                         90.0],
          dtype='float32', name='latitude', length=2041))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([            -180.0, -179.9166717529297, -179.8333282470703,
                      -179.75, -179.6666717529297, -179.5833282470703,
                       -179.5, -179.4166717529297, -179.3333282470703,
                      -179.25,
           ...
           179.16668701171875,             179.25, 179.33334350585938,
           179.41668701171875,              179.5, 179.58334350585938,
           179.66668701171875,             179.75, 179.83334350585938,
           179.91668701171875],
          dtype='float32', name='longitude', length=4320))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (2)

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  wenhai

Evaluation configuration

region = 'ibi'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.098042	0.100930	0.102265	0.104765	0.106832	0.105921	0.103335	0.105504	0.107067	0.108501
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.700816	0.770496	0.849722	0.934216	1.026741	1.120710	1.211680	1.303697	1.391874	1.478836
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.851699	0.852013	0.852899	0.853506	0.854801	0.855616	0.855878	0.856524	0.856743	0.857728
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.137435	0.137659	0.138097	0.139361	0.138849	0.137852	0.138423	0.138666	0.138973	0.139542
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.144801	0.144601	0.145339	0.145345	0.146799	0.146085	0.146993	0.148227	0.147204	0.147744
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	1.326120	1.331398	1.338392	1.346615	1.357188	1.370283	1.385250	1.402304	1.420485	1.439262
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	1.879568	1.878877	1.878289	1.877748	1.877411	1.876955	1.876519	1.876130	1.875645	1.875214
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.202870	0.202662	0.202566	0.202733	0.202682	0.202329	0.202474	0.202575	0.202754	0.202827
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.218711	0.218362	0.218291	0.218322	0.218439	0.218372	0.218581	0.218737	0.218666	0.218734
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	1.339470	1.337738	1.336322	1.335227	1.334556	1.334385	1.334513	1.335183	1.335605	1.335882
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	1.900519	1.900288	1.900034	1.899820	1.899577	1.899391	1.899208	1.899113	1.898979	1.898793
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.182011	0.181747	0.181579	0.181611	0.181548	0.181331	0.181399	0.181452	0.181519	0.181589
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.188867	0.188617	0.188457	0.188365	0.188319	0.188356	0.188484	0.188438	0.188451	0.188448
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	1.246598	1.245324	1.244202	1.243167	1.242405	1.242011	1.241817	1.241658	1.241173	1.240594
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	2.036098	2.035943	2.035787	2.035654	2.035527	2.035396	2.035289	2.035171	2.035046	2.034910
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.167640	0.167276	0.167007	0.166815	0.166698	0.166570	0.166505	0.166484	0.166374	0.166256
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.180223	0.179979	0.179762	0.179565	0.179533	0.179519	0.179489	0.179502	0.179512	0.179442
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	1.079616	1.078329	1.077390	1.076571	1.075932	1.075501	1.075278	1.075072	1.074542	1.074162
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	1.897705	1.897569	1.897443	1.897325	1.897212	1.897102	1.896992	1.896880	1.896762	1.896656
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.148731	0.148420	0.148137	0.147902	0.147807	0.147700	0.147662	0.147613	0.147573	0.147463
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.157176	0.156877	0.156622	0.156475	0.156418	0.156399	0.156404	0.156440	0.156424	0.156341
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.963790	0.962967	0.962354	0.961976	0.961856	0.961848	0.961995	0.962215	0.962175	0.962188
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	1.864227	1.864060	1.863886	1.863725	1.863573	1.863422	1.863264	1.863109	1.862968	1.862815
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.145245	0.144743	0.144313	0.143996	0.143764	0.143554	0.143377	0.143218	0.143025	0.142822
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.142539	0.142039	0.141661	0.141373	0.141161	0.141007	0.140897	0.140815	0.140679	0.140560

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	31.686378	37.087456	42.539242	47.085773	50.556728	53.741879	56.568874	58.729153	61.395462	63.734497

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.744190	0.743087	0.742309	0.741766	0.741335	0.741056	0.740900	0.740810	0.740751	0.740889
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.425586	0.425160	0.424912	0.424891	0.425014	0.424912	0.424954	0.425183	0.425338	0.425619

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.569844	0.698902	0.838238	0.840396	0.930833	1.040824	1.314983	1.278447	1.382536	1.493567
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.557696	0.746935	0.875803	1.106298	1.266724	1.461280	1.656222	1.707231	1.950527	2.104358
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.671875	0.704629	0.734412	0.762799	0.899935	0.877403	0.983686	0.984920	1.055875	1.115471
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.899644	0.485950	0.501965	0.331274	0.332593	1.019087	0.517408	0.912600	0.510667	0.533096
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.533983	0.605609	0.895290	0.341872	0.280578	0.627544	0.491102	0.534662	0.621751	0.894068
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.668025	0.870545	0.856809	0.666089	0.637609	0.748643	0.657657	0.728329	0.916393	0.908678
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.320321	0.323235	0.334318	0.318074	0.314686	0.402372	0.318221	0.344354	0.347314	0.369266
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	1.744695	0.744819	0.869244	0.214499	0.142936	1.850133	0.745019	1.749811	0.753414	0.873843
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	1.030174	1.207816	1.822072	0.494211	0.271788	1.292129	0.797333	1.035613	1.217783	1.823929
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.119364	0.114804	0.115070	0.111231	0.112027	0.111684	0.111912	0.115161	0.113069	0.114815
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.222241	0.225734	0.224439	0.224816	0.214749	0.223255	0.228290	0.226055	0.228340	0.227403
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.184327	0.187686	0.185980	0.185758	0.190170	0.184603	0.195919	0.187418	0.192074	0.192226

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	10.105666	19.63081	28.48188	36.783485	44.547993	51.82695	58.836174	65.596428

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.031098	0.036729	0.041433	0.047412	0.050416	0.047966	0.044874	0.047964	0.050953	0.055077
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.227571	0.377824	0.509023	0.631594	0.754805	0.874218	0.984533	1.092800	1.190543	1.285650
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.060931	0.094121	0.119122	0.138295	0.155964	0.169452	0.181322	0.192803	0.202919	0.212841
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.052263	0.059273	0.064614	0.071046	0.074661	0.077961	0.082758	0.086747	0.090738	0.093855
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.064897	0.069798	0.075772	0.079996	0.085850	0.089456	0.095057	0.099499	0.101099	0.104402
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.180953	0.260850	0.331692	0.390845	0.444244	0.497744	0.550635	0.601915	0.644280	0.688154
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.036958	0.051435	0.063349	0.073415	0.082422	0.090954	0.099074	0.106708	0.112828	0.118639
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.030366	0.038490	0.045289	0.052047	0.058160	0.062292	0.068162	0.073499	0.077700	0.081145
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.029567	0.037517	0.044722	0.051919	0.057697	0.062869	0.068982	0.074231	0.077905	0.081354
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.133557	0.181558	0.222229	0.259953	0.296177	0.329969	0.362226	0.391659	0.411839	0.430740
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.035331	0.048587	0.059869	0.069852	0.078867	0.087105	0.094764	0.101803	0.107138	0.112128
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.023681	0.031732	0.038864	0.045531	0.051504	0.056835	0.062863	0.067976	0.071867	0.075525
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.022960	0.031455	0.038558	0.045226	0.051279	0.057066	0.062982	0.068361	0.072319	0.075792
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.106784	0.142872	0.173379	0.200857	0.227328	0.253105	0.278301	0.300995	0.316168	0.330227
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.025874	0.033802	0.040767	0.046868	0.052498	0.057830	0.062925	0.067464	0.070724	0.073769
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.018905	0.025871	0.032118	0.038121	0.043951	0.049659	0.055401	0.060541	0.064204	0.067388
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.018667	0.025931	0.032331	0.038311	0.044212	0.050062	0.055777	0.061001	0.064745	0.067987
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.091572	0.126193	0.154754	0.179487	0.202337	0.224186	0.245484	0.264890	0.278251	0.290547
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.022022	0.028819	0.034746	0.039849	0.044431	0.048692	0.052746	0.056404	0.059125	0.061651
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.017936	0.024873	0.031099	0.037014	0.042742	0.048347	0.053905	0.058898	0.062492	0.065603
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.017714	0.024908	0.031277	0.037178	0.042984	0.048677	0.054181	0.059218	0.062834	0.065984
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.078955	0.113372	0.141733	0.165782	0.187510	0.207865	0.227266	0.244439	0.256279	0.267320
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.021260	0.028167	0.034259	0.039404	0.043864	0.047914	0.051656	0.054911	0.057278	0.059467
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.018042	0.025951	0.032742	0.038783	0.044431	0.049751	0.054887	0.059483	0.062851	0.065807
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.017867	0.026028	0.032971	0.039037	0.044702	0.050065	0.055183	0.059793	0.063185	0.066157

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	23.556059	32.050579	39.468319	44.919575	48.768108	52.208584	55.092598	57.072311	59.746025	62.20166

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.033420	0.043849	0.052036	0.060336	0.067832	0.073715	0.080475	0.086443	0.091507	0.096356
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.028415	0.037961	0.045634	0.052760	0.059581	0.064844	0.070515	0.075896	0.080100	0.084032

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	5.940197	11.993128	18.1602	24.550926	31.050606	37.533226	44.175377	50.790367