Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.2.0'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open GLONET forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.glonet()

challenger_dataset

Remote data read failed during challenger dataset open (1/12): Response payload is not completed: <ContentLengthError: 400, message='Not enough data to satisfy content length header (received 9417702 of 15954868 bytes).'>. Retrying in 2s.
Remote data read failed during challenger dataset open (2/12): Response payload is not completed: <ContentLengthError: 400, message='Not enough data to satisfy content length header (received 15745024 of 27419737 bytes).'>. Retrying in 4s.
Remote data read failed during challenger dataset open (3/12): Response payload is not completed: <ContentLengthError: 400, message='Not enough data to satisfy content length header (received 3151786 of 19408851 bytes).'>. Retrying in 6s.
Remote data read failed during challenger dataset open (4/12): Response payload is not completed: <ContentLengthError: 400, message='Not enough data to satisfy content length header (received 3339400 of 8098212 bytes).'>. Retrying in 8s.

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 342GB
Dimensions:             (first_day_datetime: 52, lead_day_index: 10, depth: 21,
                         lat: 672, lon: 1440)
Coordinates:
  * depth               (depth) float32 84B 0.494 47.37 ... 4.833e+03 5.275e+03
  * lat                 (lat) float64 5kB -78.0 -77.75 -77.5 ... 89.5 89.75
  * lead_day_index      (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
  * lon                 (lon) float64 12kB -180.0 -179.8 -179.5 ... 179.5 179.8
  * first_day_datetime  (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B 2024-01-03 ....
Data variables:
    so                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, lat, lon) float64 85GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>
    thetao              (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, lat, lon) float64 85GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>
    uo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, lat, lon) float64 85GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>
    vo                  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, lat, lon) float64 85GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>
    zos                 (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, lat, lon) float64 4GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    regrid_method:           bilinear
    oceanbench_source_kind:  challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:  glonet

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 21
  • lat: 672
  • lon: 1440
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 47.37 ... 4.833e+03 5.275e+03

    long_name :

    Depth

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    units_long :

    Meters

    array([4.940250e-01, 4.737369e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.558507e+02, 2.224752e+02,
           3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02, 4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02,
           7.633331e+02, 9.023393e+02, 1.245291e+03, 1.684284e+03, 2.225078e+03,
           3.220820e+03, 3.597032e+03, 3.992484e+03, 4.405224e+03, 4.833291e+03,
           5.274784e+03], dtype=float32)

  • lat
    (lat)
    float64
    -78.0 -77.75 -77.5 ... 89.5 89.75

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    units_long :

    Degrees North

    array([-78.  , -77.75, -77.5 , ...,  89.25,  89.5 ,  89.75], shape=(672,))

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • lon
    (lon)
    float64
    -180.0 -179.8 ... 179.5 179.8

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    units_long :

    Degrees East

    array([-180.  , -179.75, -179.5 , ...,  179.25,  179.5 ,  179.75],
          shape=(1440,))

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

• Data variables: (5)
  • so
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, lat, lon)
    float64
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    Array Chunk Bytes 78.73 GiB 73.83 MiB Shape (52, 10, 21, 672, 1440) (1, 10, 1, 672, 1440) Dask graph 1092 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float64 numpy.ndarray

  • thetao
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, lat, lon)
    float64
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    Array Chunk Bytes 78.73 GiB 73.83 MiB Shape (52, 10, 21, 672, 1440) (1, 10, 1, 672, 1440) Dask graph 1092 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float64 numpy.ndarray

  • uo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, lat, lon)
    float64
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    Array Chunk Bytes 78.73 GiB 73.83 MiB Shape (52, 10, 21, 672, 1440) (1, 10, 1, 672, 1440) Dask graph 1092 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float64 numpy.ndarray

  • vo
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, lat, lon)
    float64
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 1, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    Array Chunk Bytes 78.73 GiB 73.83 MiB Shape (52, 10, 21, 672, 1440) (1, 10, 1, 672, 1440) Dask graph 1092 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float64 numpy.ndarray

  • zos
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, lat, lon)
    float64
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 672, 1440), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    Array Chunk Bytes 3.75 GiB 73.83 MiB Shape (52, 10, 672, 1440) (1, 10, 672, 1440) Dask graph 52 chunks in 157 graph layers Data type float64 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,   47.37369155883789,    92.3260726928711,
            155.85069274902344,  222.47520446777344,   318.1274108886719,
             380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,   541.0889282226562,
             643.5667724609375,   763.3331298828125,   902.3392944335938,
                1245.291015625,  1684.2840576171875,   2225.077880859375,
             3220.820068359375,   3597.031982421875,    3992.48388671875,
              4405.22412109375,      4833.291015625,     5274.7841796875],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • lat
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([ -78.0, -77.75,  -77.5, -77.25,  -77.0, -76.75,  -76.5, -76.25,  -76.0,
           -75.75,
           ...
             87.5,  87.75,   88.0,  88.25,   88.5,  88.75,   89.0,  89.25,   89.5,
            89.75],
          dtype='float64', name='lat', length=672))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • lon
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([ -180.0, -179.75,  -179.5, -179.25,  -179.0, -178.75,  -178.5, -178.25,
            -178.0, -177.75,
           ...
             177.5,  177.75,   178.0,  178.25,   178.5,  178.75,   179.0,  179.25,
             179.5,  179.75],
          dtype='float64', name='lon', length=1440))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

• Attributes: (3)

  regrid_method :

  bilinear

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  glonet

Evaluation configuration

region = 'ibi'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.060341	0.061795	0.067666	0.070793	0.076198	0.074457	0.074128	0.077196	0.083224	0.083398
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.531561	0.540953	0.616862	0.619401	0.696995	0.704132	0.785655	0.786675	0.861476	0.867997
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.253720	0.255676	0.257618	0.259165	0.267005	0.270972	0.276782	0.280197	0.287524	0.293227
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.097520	0.096635	0.099589	0.101869	0.102709	0.102372	0.103304	0.104442	0.106625	0.106635
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.099782	0.099702	0.101784	0.103520	0.107264	0.109769	0.112548	0.115230	0.116443	0.117585
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.846681	0.844227	0.914043	0.909199	0.995046	0.992681	1.069957	1.073502	1.141238	1.152276
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.197597	0.197074	0.208326	0.207720	0.223208	0.222471	0.240055	0.238729	0.257411	0.255031
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.086440	0.086498	0.086078	0.087247	0.088037	0.088459	0.089844	0.091002	0.092689	0.093640
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.088869	0.089059	0.088694	0.089640	0.090463	0.090945	0.092137	0.093317	0.094762	0.096217
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.756779	0.756381	0.804672	0.809238	0.856083	0.870228	0.908584	0.934574	0.965103	1.003848
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.189273	0.189583	0.188538	0.189358	0.191798	0.193002	0.197771	0.198927	0.204958	0.205729
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.083328	0.083492	0.082757	0.083668	0.084134	0.084680	0.085521	0.086581	0.087525	0.088723
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.085395	0.085698	0.084809	0.085606	0.085977	0.086784	0.087718	0.088943	0.089984	0.091198
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.731758	0.746054	0.769434	0.789860	0.777087	0.800434	0.783449	0.809893	0.797051	0.824668
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.141282	0.141415	0.148373	0.148873	0.155981	0.156787	0.164164	0.165127	0.172491	0.173434
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.079147	0.079253	0.078006	0.078496	0.078472	0.079245	0.079686	0.080674	0.081046	0.081895
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.080063	0.080248	0.079169	0.079712	0.079890	0.080747	0.081403	0.082472	0.083096	0.084002
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.665732	0.673743	0.690284	0.704559	0.679013	0.697920	0.671438	0.694082	0.675015	0.699005
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.115814	0.115971	0.120139	0.120151	0.125428	0.125548	0.131758	0.132072	0.138766	0.139212
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.078728	0.078813	0.077512	0.077921	0.077823	0.078484	0.078836	0.079638	0.079914	0.080538
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.079670	0.079860	0.078653	0.079137	0.079124	0.079890	0.080365	0.081316	0.081782	0.082574
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.433610	0.438149	0.424632	0.428527	0.441112	0.444675	0.465116	0.469451	0.492252	0.497606
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.102295	0.102282	0.111905	0.111780	0.120062	0.119921	0.127223	0.127189	0.133545	0.133635
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.081303	0.081439	0.080145	0.080518	0.080437	0.080967	0.081212	0.081825	0.081948	0.082372
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.082743	0.082843	0.081448	0.081695	0.081511	0.081913	0.082145	0.082635	0.082840	0.083201

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	46.391315	47.428913	49.490849	50.986191	53.397274	55.049034	55.651405	56.450146	56.552261	57.762318

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.078625	0.078456	0.086306	0.086913	0.094131	0.093851	0.09991	0.100646	0.105590	0.106111
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.067961	0.067351	0.073262	0.073319	0.079160	0.078496	0.08356	0.084053	0.088613	0.088625

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.520156	0.521995	0.603143	0.611509	0.644506	0.652354	0.948716	0.722501	0.744923	0.772245
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.674777	0.653070	0.828518	0.811202	0.833232	0.801114	0.930444	0.848114	0.999109	0.983816
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	1.006182	1.029559	1.103342	1.001476	1.158694	1.107411	1.202866	1.176327	1.302951	1.306914
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.462588	0.480729	0.546770	0.525594	0.576561	0.595966	0.683733	0.619860	0.679625	0.661166
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.419736	0.426119	0.397937	0.424762	0.421799	0.425544	0.466162	0.454294	0.486214	0.496662
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.372666	0.337588	0.284009	0.270773	0.303883	0.468432	0.296995	0.433792	0.414207	0.357945
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.228493	0.238881	0.240583	0.210881	0.271158	0.282634	0.301897	0.276725	0.316049	0.319340
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.112785	0.112239	0.114900	0.095686	0.138905	0.135201	0.168097	0.133851	0.159639	0.157791
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.079036	0.077427	0.079025	0.092541	0.102581	0.102847	0.113048	0.118683	0.136602	0.124757
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.112534	0.114294	0.112176	0.112816	0.111228	0.114490	0.112996	0.117169	0.115710	0.119765
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.201013	0.202610	0.201695	0.204127	0.189973	0.206064	0.194727	0.202331	0.206876	0.210188
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.174286	0.175984	0.176617	0.174418	0.178236	0.175104	0.176823	0.179422	0.181512	0.181098

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	8.083108	15.327789	22.216183	28.840719	35.1684	41.348553	47.474495	53.425697

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.024314	0.030892	0.041188	0.050129	0.054709	0.054403	0.053462	0.058632	0.064461	0.068600
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.312200	0.321803	0.478846	0.485395	0.606256	0.616074	0.722084	0.725629	0.812494	0.822646
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.089371	0.093180	0.133846	0.137731	0.168252	0.170922	0.192690	0.197520	0.215971	0.224141
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.040526	0.045994	0.054071	0.063657	0.069875	0.075957	0.081557	0.087495	0.093775	0.096927
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.040442	0.046259	0.054116	0.064142	0.073626	0.082955	0.090498	0.097831	0.102832	0.107378
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.695527	0.687508	0.795921	0.791420	0.906657	0.908300	1.005023	1.016009	1.093166	1.109356
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.099974	0.099137	0.142960	0.142374	0.177718	0.176676	0.207315	0.205761	0.232985	0.229709
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.027958	0.030831	0.038556	0.044585	0.051221	0.055464	0.062110	0.067918	0.074017	0.078368
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.029314	0.031017	0.039862	0.045851	0.052601	0.057399	0.064101	0.069800	0.075414	0.080253
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.469140	0.469598	0.570503	0.576854	0.665658	0.682368	0.754147	0.781748	0.836423	0.873002
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.079477	0.079270	0.110993	0.111310	0.134356	0.134750	0.153923	0.154191	0.170421	0.169919
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.024721	0.026272	0.033244	0.038536	0.044723	0.049607	0.056029	0.061726	0.067086	0.071958
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.024311	0.025758	0.032716	0.038239	0.044293	0.049960	0.056421	0.062594	0.067960	0.073006
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.337610	0.349913	0.423164	0.444108	0.471090	0.496101	0.518154	0.544893	0.566438	0.590869
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.060016	0.059746	0.083602	0.083593	0.102408	0.102615	0.118441	0.118822	0.132013	0.132109
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.020674	0.021441	0.026424	0.030622	0.036093	0.041680	0.047682	0.053627	0.058319	0.062970
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.020764	0.021266	0.026702	0.030631	0.036296	0.041873	0.048075	0.054116	0.059112	0.063885
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.363806	0.372646	0.424486	0.441228	0.443128	0.465325	0.469954	0.494222	0.506401	0.527755
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.064865	0.065133	0.079789	0.080020	0.092535	0.093006	0.104468	0.105195	0.115500	0.116168
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.019209	0.019908	0.024648	0.028728	0.033964	0.039530	0.045349	0.051159	0.055740	0.060267
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.019797	0.020176	0.025757	0.029608	0.035215	0.040702	0.046717	0.052631	0.057471	0.062123
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.203220	0.206777	0.266898	0.269689	0.333420	0.337346	0.392112	0.397786	0.442304	0.448664
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.063144	0.063166	0.081371	0.081384	0.095292	0.095419	0.106576	0.106717	0.115655	0.115775
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.018250	0.018706	0.023947	0.028043	0.033618	0.039236	0.045249	0.050942	0.055697	0.060128
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.018989	0.019110	0.024663	0.028796	0.034352	0.039985	0.045863	0.051587	0.056285	0.060744

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	44.394115	45.609055	48.259262	49.840485	52.601368	54.161469	54.565002	55.501781	55.570786	57.056999

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.038107	0.039165	0.054718	0.059669	0.071086	0.075117	0.083556	0.088202	0.094540	0.098046
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.030283	0.030512	0.043942	0.046758	0.056984	0.059657	0.067637	0.071173	0.077538	0.079879

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	3.128659	6.414624	10.089055	14.302781	18.999035	24.206013	29.859396	35.767418