Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.0.3'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open XiHe 1 degree base challenger forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.xihe_1_degree()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 12GB
Dimensions:                          (first_day_datetime: 52,
                                      lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                                      latitude: 170, longitude: 360)
Coordinates:
  * depth                            (depth) float64 184B 0.494 2.646 ... 643.6
  * lead_day_index                   (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 ... 7 8 9
  * first_day_datetime               (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B ...
  * latitude                         (latitude) float64 1kB -79.5 -78.5 ... 89.5
  * longitude                        (longitude) float64 3kB -179.5 ... 179.5
Data variables:
    sea_water_salinity               (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_water_potential_temperature  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    eastward_sea_water_velocity      (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    northward_sea_water_velocity     (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_surface_height_above_geoid   (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 127MB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    oceanbench_source_kind:  challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:  xihe

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 170
  • longitude: 360
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float64
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    long_name :

    Depth

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    units_long :

    Meters

    array([4.940000e-01, 2.645700e+00, 5.078200e+00, 7.929600e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581010e+01, 2.159880e+01, 2.944470e+01, 4.034410e+01, 5.576430e+01,
           7.785390e+01, 9.232610e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02])

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -79.5 -78.5 -77.5 ... 88.5 89.5

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    units_long :

    Degrees North

    array([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           -69.5, -68.5, -67.5, -66.5, -65.5, -64.5, -63.5, -62.5, -61.5, -60.5,
           -59.5, -58.5, -57.5, -56.5, -55.5, -54.5, -53.5, -52.5, -51.5, -50.5,
           -49.5, -48.5, -47.5, -46.5, -45.5, -44.5, -43.5, -42.5, -41.5, -40.5,
           -39.5, -38.5, -37.5, -36.5, -35.5, -34.5, -33.5, -32.5, -31.5, -30.5,
           -29.5, -28.5, -27.5, -26.5, -25.5, -24.5, -23.5, -22.5, -21.5, -20.5,
           -19.5, -18.5, -17.5, -16.5, -15.5, -14.5, -13.5, -12.5, -11.5, -10.5,
            -9.5,  -8.5,  -7.5,  -6.5,  -5.5,  -4.5,  -3.5,  -2.5,  -1.5,  -0.5,
             0.5,   1.5,   2.5,   3.5,   4.5,   5.5,   6.5,   7.5,   8.5,   9.5,
            10.5,  11.5,  12.5,  13.5,  14.5,  15.5,  16.5,  17.5,  18.5,  19.5,
            20.5,  21.5,  22.5,  23.5,  24.5,  25.5,  26.5,  27.5,  28.5,  29.5,
            30.5,  31.5,  32.5,  33.5,  34.5,  35.5,  36.5,  37.5,  38.5,  39.5,
            40.5,  41.5,  42.5,  43.5,  44.5,  45.5,  46.5,  47.5,  48.5,  49.5,
            50.5,  51.5,  52.5,  53.5,  54.5,  55.5,  56.5,  57.5,  58.5,  59.5,
            60.5,  61.5,  62.5,  63.5,  64.5,  65.5,  66.5,  67.5,  68.5,  69.5,
            70.5,  71.5,  72.5,  73.5,  74.5,  75.5,  76.5,  77.5,  78.5,  79.5,
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    -179.5 -178.5 ... 178.5 179.5

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    units_long :

    Degrees East

    array([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, ...,  177.5,  178.5,  179.5], shape=(360,))

• Data variables: (5)
  • sea_water_salinity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.73 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11960 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_water_potential_temperature
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.73 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11960 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • eastward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.73 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11960 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • northward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.73 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11960 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_surface_height_above_geoid
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    Array Chunk Bytes 121.40 MiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 170, 360) (1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 520 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([   0.494,   2.6457,   5.0782,   7.9296,   11.405,  15.8101,  21.5988,
            29.4447,  40.3441,  55.7643,  77.8539,  92.3261, 109.7293,  130.666,
           155.8507, 186.1256, 222.4752, 266.0403, 318.1274,  380.213, 453.9377,
           541.0889, 643.5668],
          dtype='float64', name='depth'))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           ...
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5],
          dtype='float64', name='latitude', length=170))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, -176.5, -175.5, -174.5, -173.5, -172.5, -171.5,
           -170.5,
           ...
            170.5,  171.5,  172.5,  173.5,  174.5,  175.5,  176.5,  177.5,  178.5,
            179.5],
          dtype='float64', name='longitude', length=360))

• Attributes: (2)

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  xihe

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.077638	0.086206	0.084374	0.085787	0.085578	0.089199	0.089198	0.089431	0.091776	0.092010
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.648067	0.646411	0.656162	0.677197	0.689909	0.698894	0.690994	0.764031	0.776379	0.782008
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.701185	0.700594	0.724322	0.727403	0.716489	0.706555	0.702418	0.698731	0.714141	0.687199
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.122658	0.120738	0.121003	0.121073	0.121643	0.121632	0.120320	0.121295	0.120701	0.121074
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.124503	0.122306	0.122791	0.123299	0.124488	0.124250	0.123390	0.124746	0.124761	0.124489
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.824144	0.808765	0.802072	0.822899	0.833343	0.849432	0.831216	0.850188	0.852797	0.876553
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.388281	0.403424	0.408085	0.399327	0.415886	0.409835	0.400349	0.402728	0.405264	0.428033
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.113111	0.110468	0.110055	0.109290	0.109461	0.109488	0.107760	0.108754	0.107886	0.107737
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.114092	0.111464	0.111150	0.110317	0.110821	0.110272	0.109497	0.110344	0.110145	0.109994
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.970516	0.984830	0.991853	0.998129	1.002490	1.010047	1.001932	1.040798	1.045319	1.064392
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.226676	0.229518	0.228920	0.225709	0.228829	0.228019	0.231109	0.228424	0.233617	0.242880
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.109424	0.106551	0.105823	0.104098	0.104079	0.103848	0.102042	0.102803	0.101795	0.101569
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.113351	0.110454	0.109687	0.107704	0.107883	0.107174	0.105719	0.106524	0.105990	0.105828
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.830157	0.807696	0.831115	0.792000	0.822719	0.811763	0.824973	0.839870	0.823532	0.830924
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.145424	0.146280	0.147768	0.143972	0.145603	0.146724	0.143062	0.144685	0.143317	0.144689
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.105024	0.107883	0.106075	0.102750	0.102838	0.102619	0.102588	0.102762	0.101433	0.100920
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.109762	0.112421	0.110933	0.107687	0.108049	0.107454	0.106987	0.107249	0.106107	0.105349
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.706791	0.672330	0.693380	0.662696	0.694109	0.695550	0.680610	0.704219	0.699482	0.698005
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.110701	0.111780	0.114251	0.110736	0.111401	0.111760	0.108056	0.110645	0.108346	0.110680
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.102018	0.105174	0.103547	0.100121	0.100181	0.099960	0.099875	0.099818	0.098572	0.097934
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.106059	0.108793	0.107512	0.104029	0.104331	0.104028	0.103821	0.103745	0.102615	0.101652
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.530386	0.511580	0.519554	0.505594	0.526045	0.523256	0.513293	0.532202	0.526012	0.522478
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.081567	0.083511	0.082549	0.082044	0.080935	0.082749	0.079797	0.081778	0.080466	0.081956
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.092962	0.096349	0.094840	0.091437	0.091527	0.091172	0.090976	0.090449	0.089561	0.088996
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.096474	0.099774	0.098486	0.095042	0.095315	0.094901	0.094425	0.094048	0.093386	0.092607

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	68.967909	68.541798	68.908121	73.874789	68.277957	68.600005	73.763244	71.318379	74.508602	67.629045

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.083034	0.085948	0.085991	0.093652	0.097611	0.099257	0.091022	0.095512	0.096347	0.097169
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.089306	0.089322	0.091024	0.091722	0.096818	0.096042	0.092547	0.097991	0.102184	0.102066

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.884367	0.878324	0.834133	0.863577	0.900534	0.913582	0.900819	0.944744	0.935149	0.937318
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.515437	0.665937	0.656993	0.897870	0.916704	0.945857	0.896727	0.942775	0.990880	1.014217
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	0.906763	0.746257	0.942393	0.949845	0.961784	0.981297	0.973562	1.002557	1.008880	1.059763
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.898884	0.674845	0.807861	0.859348	0.847222	0.868767	0.858373	0.877577	0.869665	0.893053
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.527152	0.465333	0.521530	0.573450	0.579022	0.586675	0.584358	0.603224	0.598479	0.615871
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.212151	0.262637	0.331750	0.268473	0.275409	0.260461	0.258936	0.270358	0.278421	0.286505
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.166679	0.190186	0.199536	0.213018	0.212311	0.209532	0.202173	0.210557	0.224790	0.209696
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.132287	0.102518	0.123924	0.131986	0.128197	0.133183	0.128424	0.130980	0.133986	0.133144
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.082501	0.073312	0.081845	0.081255	0.079865	0.082903	0.082639	0.083155	0.083088	0.085183
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.105842	0.102071	0.106728	0.110759	0.114850	0.113563	0.119239	0.113981	0.113495	0.116200
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.209687	0.221666	0.215475	0.216321	0.216977	0.218674	0.218914	0.218205	0.220107	0.219875
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.189057	0.196728	0.198012	0.197606	0.197802	0.197620	0.198858	0.197755	0.198271	0.199984

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	10.406536	19.950186	28.728258	36.948071	44.770798	52.128742	59.100655	65.817101

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.037123	0.045216	0.047464	0.051446	0.055442	0.059216	0.063952	0.062562	0.064926	0.066781
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.455990	0.477883	0.491187	0.535530	0.564949	0.589854	0.596757	0.672768	0.673717	0.691811
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.294498	0.346014	0.325646	0.344821	0.355085	0.379735	0.398925	0.413206	0.420524	0.456568
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.056523	0.068676	0.077716	0.085671	0.093528	0.099900	0.105940	0.111676	0.114455	0.117246
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.059520	0.070752	0.079324	0.087838	0.095723	0.102770	0.108609	0.114841	0.118523	0.120753
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.707806	0.706562	0.708213	0.749598	0.784736	0.804807	0.825954	0.825236	0.831061	0.851020
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.129332	0.142118	0.148357	0.150506	0.165698	0.166223	0.160395	0.170150	0.174652	0.186956
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.044304	0.052445	0.060163	0.067345	0.074779	0.081897	0.088133	0.094376	0.097346	0.100310
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.046630	0.054840	0.062469	0.070770	0.077162	0.084299	0.091735	0.097447	0.101125	0.104131
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.544924	0.567749	0.582290	0.631334	0.652210	0.688369	0.711738	0.754735	0.777956	0.793838
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.102422	0.109875	0.108078	0.121754	0.119076	0.123737	0.124742	0.131962	0.132711	0.128710
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.038460	0.048236	0.055699	0.062519	0.069975	0.076883	0.082798	0.088673	0.091727	0.094408
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.038659	0.049246	0.056946	0.064206	0.071482	0.078352	0.084344	0.090058	0.093504	0.096171
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.428114	0.394933	0.403695	0.449591	0.459559	0.482330	0.519675	0.541523	0.540360	0.554190
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.070416	0.069664	0.068458	0.077569	0.077989	0.082608	0.087178	0.090104	0.091453	0.092493
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.060596	0.037531	0.042257	0.049847	0.054814	0.061398	0.067329	0.072536	0.075123	0.077851
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.055823	0.037042	0.041714	0.049626	0.054113	0.060370	0.066410	0.071319	0.074034	0.076780
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.377492	0.330574	0.339966	0.378745	0.395340	0.418305	0.443765	0.467988	0.472266	0.481489
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.061100	0.058745	0.060048	0.065720	0.067156	0.070489	0.074705	0.076937	0.078033	0.079402
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.055913	0.034887	0.039474	0.046798	0.051431	0.057584	0.063246	0.068257	0.070806	0.073465
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.051115	0.033977	0.038651	0.046016	0.050388	0.056137	0.061987	0.066657	0.069234	0.071874
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.299626	0.270410	0.265206	0.307964	0.316179	0.325057	0.349857	0.368248	0.370777	0.375762
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.050934	0.050468	0.048570	0.054090	0.053630	0.056693	0.058931	0.060627	0.060589	0.062069
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.047067	0.031620	0.035942	0.042635	0.046488	0.051518	0.056672	0.060893	0.063176	0.065505
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.042608	0.030756	0.035164	0.041945	0.045562	0.050298	0.055466	0.059488	0.061799	0.064136

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	65.197567	63.472856	65.097726	69.859765	63.34542	64.346394	70.27524	67.525132	71.487756	63.07829

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.069740	0.074659	0.075610	0.085283	0.090444	0.093108	0.084986	0.091148	0.092623	0.094165
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.079789	0.081553	0.083744	0.085967	0.091814	0.091894	0.089745	0.095961	0.100332	0.100271

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	5.82766	12.861912	20.064095	27.216063	34.310955	41.163704	47.802273	54.323814