Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.0.3'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open WenHai 1 degree base challenger forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.wenhai_1_degree()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 12GB
Dimensions:                          (first_day_datetime: 52,
                                      lead_day_index: 10, depth: 23,
                                      latitude: 170, longitude: 360)
Coordinates:
  * depth                            (depth) float32 92B 0.494 2.646 ... 643.6
  * lead_day_index                   (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 ... 7 8 9
  * first_day_datetime               (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B ...
  * latitude                         (latitude) float64 1kB -79.5 -78.5 ... 89.5
  * longitude                        (longitude) float64 3kB -179.5 ... 179.5
Data variables:
    sea_water_salinity               (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_water_potential_temperature  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    eastward_sea_water_velocity      (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    northward_sea_water_velocity     (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_surface_height_above_geoid   (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 127MB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    oceanbench_source_kind:  challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:  wenhai

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 23
  • latitude: 170
  • longitude: 360
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 2.646 5.078 ... 541.1 643.6

    long_name :

    Depth

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    units_long :

    Meters

    array([4.940250e-01, 2.645669e+00, 5.078224e+00, 7.929560e+00, 1.140500e+01,
           1.581007e+01, 2.159882e+01, 2.944473e+01, 4.034405e+01, 5.576429e+01,
           7.785385e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.097293e+02, 1.306660e+02, 1.558507e+02,
           1.861256e+02, 2.224752e+02, 2.660403e+02, 3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02,
           4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02], dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -79.5 -78.5 -77.5 ... 88.5 89.5

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    units_long :

    Degrees North

    array([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           -69.5, -68.5, -67.5, -66.5, -65.5, -64.5, -63.5, -62.5, -61.5, -60.5,
           -59.5, -58.5, -57.5, -56.5, -55.5, -54.5, -53.5, -52.5, -51.5, -50.5,
           -49.5, -48.5, -47.5, -46.5, -45.5, -44.5, -43.5, -42.5, -41.5, -40.5,
           -39.5, -38.5, -37.5, -36.5, -35.5, -34.5, -33.5, -32.5, -31.5, -30.5,
           -29.5, -28.5, -27.5, -26.5, -25.5, -24.5, -23.5, -22.5, -21.5, -20.5,
           -19.5, -18.5, -17.5, -16.5, -15.5, -14.5, -13.5, -12.5, -11.5, -10.5,
            -9.5,  -8.5,  -7.5,  -6.5,  -5.5,  -4.5,  -3.5,  -2.5,  -1.5,  -0.5,
             0.5,   1.5,   2.5,   3.5,   4.5,   5.5,   6.5,   7.5,   8.5,   9.5,
            10.5,  11.5,  12.5,  13.5,  14.5,  15.5,  16.5,  17.5,  18.5,  19.5,
            20.5,  21.5,  22.5,  23.5,  24.5,  25.5,  26.5,  27.5,  28.5,  29.5,
            30.5,  31.5,  32.5,  33.5,  34.5,  35.5,  36.5,  37.5,  38.5,  39.5,
            40.5,  41.5,  42.5,  43.5,  44.5,  45.5,  46.5,  47.5,  48.5,  49.5,
            50.5,  51.5,  52.5,  53.5,  54.5,  55.5,  56.5,  57.5,  58.5,  59.5,
            60.5,  61.5,  62.5,  63.5,  64.5,  65.5,  66.5,  67.5,  68.5,  69.5,
            70.5,  71.5,  72.5,  73.5,  74.5,  75.5,  76.5,  77.5,  78.5,  79.5,
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    -179.5 -178.5 ... 178.5 179.5

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    units_long :

    Degrees East

    array([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, ...,  177.5,  178.5,  179.5], shape=(360,))

• Data variables: (5)
  • sea_water_salinity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.73 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11960 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_water_potential_temperature
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.73 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11960 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • eastward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.73 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11960 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • northward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.73 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 23, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 11960 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_surface_height_above_geoid
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    Array Chunk Bytes 121.40 MiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 170, 360) (1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 520 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,  2.6456689834594727,   5.078224182128906,
              7.92956018447876,  11.404999732971191,  15.810070037841797,
            21.598819732666016,  29.444730758666992,  40.344051361083984,
             55.76428985595703,   77.85385131835938,    92.3260726928711,
            109.72930145263672,  130.66600036621094,  155.85069274902344,
            186.12559509277344,  222.47520446777344,   266.0403137207031,
             318.1274108886719,   380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,
             541.0889282226562,   643.5667724609375],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           ...
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5],
          dtype='float64', name='latitude', length=170))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, -176.5, -175.5, -174.5, -173.5, -172.5, -171.5,
           -170.5,
           ...
            170.5,  171.5,  172.5,  173.5,  174.5,  175.5,  176.5,  177.5,  178.5,
            179.5],
          dtype='float64', name='longitude', length=360))

• Attributes: (2)

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  wenhai

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.099870	0.101832	0.103426	0.105467	0.107555	0.109281	0.110888	0.113172	0.114990	0.116731
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.615219	0.662489	0.719963	0.782426	0.849303	0.919828	0.992362	1.066168	1.138200	1.210219
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	1.072231	1.067371	1.063959	1.061440	1.059586	1.058407	1.056990	1.055742	1.054260	1.053470
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.155170	0.158773	0.160588	0.161794	0.162167	0.163200	0.163735	0.165602	0.167121	0.168673
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.161999	0.166599	0.169964	0.172590	0.175724	0.178901	0.182735	0.187236	0.190667	0.193835
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.919213	0.916813	0.916951	0.920651	0.928482	0.939393	0.953038	0.969260	0.984824	1.001829
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.763210	0.762649	0.762278	0.761921	0.761665	0.761756	0.762009	0.762381	0.762646	0.763000
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.132513	0.133463	0.134097	0.134881	0.135806	0.137504	0.139219	0.141238	0.142686	0.144118
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.137013	0.137765	0.139258	0.140653	0.142379	0.144742	0.147611	0.150613	0.153262	0.156102
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	1.069010	1.067113	1.069099	1.074478	1.080699	1.087563	1.096443	1.105662	1.113282	1.122539
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.747388	0.747193	0.747042	0.746955	0.746967	0.747089	0.747214	0.747349	0.747479	0.747598
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.129042	0.128990	0.129331	0.130034	0.131146	0.132371	0.133743	0.135211	0.136231	0.137229
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.134003	0.134059	0.134573	0.135556	0.136932	0.138487	0.140368	0.142475	0.144007	0.145457
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.923010	0.923607	0.924832	0.926982	0.929646	0.933660	0.939008	0.944924	0.949569	0.954645
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.860798	0.860665	0.860572	0.860514	0.860500	0.860506	0.860537	0.860572	0.860586	0.860614
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.125376	0.124824	0.124611	0.124644	0.124781	0.125065	0.125698	0.126464	0.126976	0.127466
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.132295	0.131916	0.131756	0.131748	0.132008	0.132589	0.133412	0.134309	0.134894	0.135573
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.749550	0.747990	0.746957	0.747071	0.748191	0.750386	0.753561	0.757515	0.759714	0.761907
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.586748	0.586648	0.586588	0.586550	0.586549	0.586557	0.586614	0.586692	0.586742	0.586798
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.113495	0.112841	0.112507	0.112408	0.112467	0.112751	0.113335	0.114015	0.114368	0.114747
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.118155	0.117721	0.117531	0.117490	0.117682	0.118125	0.118794	0.119559	0.120103	0.120729
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.584976	0.584136	0.583721	0.584373	0.585801	0.588329	0.591775	0.595617	0.597837	0.600150
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.458570	0.458508	0.458477	0.458488	0.458517	0.458574	0.458645	0.458725	0.458776	0.458833
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.102021	0.101343	0.100867	0.100561	0.100413	0.100459	0.100689	0.100993	0.101153	0.101337
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.105119	0.104544	0.104201	0.103988	0.103999	0.104205	0.104626	0.105110	0.105423	0.105792

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	41.735291	45.063347	47.870895	50.376328	52.550049	54.429932	56.302372	58.315147	59.877373	61.261414

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.118779	0.119660	0.120452	0.121391	0.122568	0.123802	0.125249	0.126737	0.128078	0.129531
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.084822	0.086787	0.088798	0.091371	0.094294	0.095896	0.098360	0.101572	0.104855	0.108295

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	1.129907	0.937934	0.941977	0.993467	1.078671	1.138778	1.210266	1.292394	1.334931	1.402945
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	1.618369	0.710350	0.763791	1.074633	1.094790	1.187960	1.285265	1.319082	1.417384	1.523331
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	1.225206	0.744411	0.964905	0.974601	0.996945	1.025192	1.086207	1.095945	1.144096	1.208642
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.971058	0.687715	0.847392	0.858565	0.851267	0.883421	0.896231	0.911573	0.934568	0.953160
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.542384	0.468531	0.535288	0.583835	0.583269	0.599851	0.600142	0.611022	0.622316	0.648480
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	1.550082	0.265264	0.353073	0.414214	0.278841	0.262713	0.412845	0.274935	0.295535	0.301827
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.952845	0.249010	0.232038	0.301682	0.269860	0.245073	0.313655	0.251619	0.295872	0.267669
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.580216	0.104044	0.218550	0.252274	0.292423	0.315348	0.310459	0.267709	0.317949	0.267270
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.139153	0.077432	0.105903	0.098884	0.091732	0.112486	0.107617	0.101783	0.149518	0.106060
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.113106	0.114383	0.113781	0.120194	0.122195	0.124419	0.126310	0.128692	0.130267	0.132696
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.214440	0.225166	0.218406	0.220856	0.221197	0.224144	0.225768	0.225077	0.226982	0.227861
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.191202	0.200150	0.200858	0.200321	0.201003	0.201871	0.204092	0.203859	0.204786	0.206567

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	11.735321	22.984062	33.809059	44.345627	54.676582	64.789581	74.750137	84.670464

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.025019	0.033942	0.040000	0.046569	0.052526	0.057404	0.061843	0.067166	0.070691	0.073937
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.218891	0.341396	0.450768	0.551913	0.650157	0.745668	0.838458	0.929248	1.012057	1.092784
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.147451	0.198511	0.238587	0.272473	0.301033	0.326226	0.349649	0.372520	0.391749	0.408735
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.075329	0.091560	0.100385	0.107242	0.112534	0.118557	0.123551	0.130073	0.134630	0.138645
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.083777	0.101174	0.111968	0.120366	0.129482	0.138434	0.147463	0.156838	0.163798	0.169574
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.548796	0.568572	0.591422	0.621073	0.653107	0.686717	0.724368	0.761809	0.791790	0.820535
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.124820	0.131227	0.137606	0.144260	0.151393	0.158887	0.166601	0.174143	0.180235	0.185981
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.047582	0.057263	0.064743	0.071938	0.079279	0.087661	0.095660	0.103205	0.108415	0.112915
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.046353	0.056133	0.065714	0.074092	0.082891	0.092498	0.101840	0.110347	0.117013	0.123248
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.228444	0.297281	0.360381	0.423727	0.483589	0.538425	0.595159	0.647543	0.686095	0.723332
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.040875	0.054359	0.064899	0.074182	0.082946	0.091321	0.099578	0.107266	0.113015	0.118304
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.033651	0.043169	0.051133	0.059287	0.067912	0.076165	0.084161	0.091467	0.096504	0.100845
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.032933	0.043349	0.052288	0.061321	0.070387	0.079393	0.088078	0.095872	0.101609	0.106651
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.169033	0.225293	0.271781	0.315820	0.358954	0.402385	0.445979	0.486708	0.515427	0.542117
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.032408	0.043462	0.052244	0.059831	0.066804	0.073462	0.080049	0.086050	0.090601	0.094826
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.026928	0.035275	0.042328	0.049265	0.056230	0.063140	0.070208	0.076785	0.081391	0.085396
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.025573	0.034339	0.041532	0.048634	0.055731	0.062972	0.070010	0.076438	0.081228	0.085597
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.143625	0.194562	0.236296	0.274327	0.311534	0.349777	0.388268	0.423994	0.448496	0.471099
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.027996	0.037689	0.045449	0.051966	0.057962	0.063779	0.069484	0.074732	0.078666	0.082244
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.025070	0.033220	0.040029	0.046536	0.053158	0.059826	0.066535	0.072762	0.077156	0.081028
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.023567	0.031963	0.038902	0.045510	0.052074	0.058832	0.065472	0.071635	0.076203	0.080378
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.112354	0.157295	0.193236	0.225136	0.255025	0.284527	0.313952	0.341364	0.360573	0.378062
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.022658	0.030402	0.036725	0.042039	0.046725	0.051089	0.055272	0.059139	0.062075	0.064723
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.022540	0.030574	0.037002	0.042900	0.048691	0.054425	0.060084	0.065325	0.069182	0.072610
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.021099	0.029445	0.036043	0.042020	0.047838	0.053631	0.059375	0.064744	0.068777	0.072349

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	27.525352	33.469139	38.181236	41.7486	44.785812	47.486153	49.784851	51.688015	53.474552	55.191612

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.022608	0.029239	0.034702	0.040021	0.045194	0.050412	0.055567	0.060534	0.064252	0.067925
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.024716	0.033814	0.042039	0.050889	0.057733	0.061762	0.066733	0.073055	0.078602	0.084007

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	8.139735	17.578829	27.477922	37.599918	47.85696	58.094254	68.317863	78.60582