Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.0.3'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open GLONET 1 degree base challenger forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.glonet_1_degree()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 21GB
Dimensions:                          (first_day_datetime: 52,
                                      lead_day_index: 10, depth: 21,
                                      latitude: 168, longitude: 360)
Coordinates:
  * depth                            (depth) float32 84B 0.494 ... 5.275e+03
  * lead_day_index                   (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 ... 7 8 9
  * first_day_datetime               (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B ...
  * latitude                         (latitude) float64 1kB -77.5 -76.5 ... 89.5
  * longitude                        (longitude) float64 3kB -179.5 ... 179.5
Data variables:
    sea_water_salinity               (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float64 5GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_water_potential_temperature  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float64 5GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    eastward_sea_water_velocity      (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float64 5GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    northward_sea_water_velocity     (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float64 5GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_surface_height_above_geoid   (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float64 252MB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    regrid_method:           bilinear
    oceanbench_source_kind:  challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:  glonet

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 21
  • latitude: 168
  • longitude: 360
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 47.37 ... 4.833e+03 5.275e+03

    long_name :

    Depth

    standard_name :

    depth

    units :

    m

    units_long :

    Meters

    array([4.940250e-01, 4.737369e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.558507e+02, 2.224752e+02,
           3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02, 4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02,
           7.633331e+02, 9.023393e+02, 1.245291e+03, 1.684284e+03, 2.225078e+03,
           3.220820e+03, 3.597032e+03, 3.992484e+03, 4.405224e+03, 4.833291e+03,
           5.274784e+03], dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -77.5 -76.5 -75.5 ... 88.5 89.5

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    units_long :

    Degrees North

    array([-77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5, -69.5, -68.5,
           -67.5, -66.5, -65.5, -64.5, -63.5, -62.5, -61.5, -60.5, -59.5, -58.5,
           -57.5, -56.5, -55.5, -54.5, -53.5, -52.5, -51.5, -50.5, -49.5, -48.5,
           -47.5, -46.5, -45.5, -44.5, -43.5, -42.5, -41.5, -40.5, -39.5, -38.5,
           -37.5, -36.5, -35.5, -34.5, -33.5, -32.5, -31.5, -30.5, -29.5, -28.5,
           -27.5, -26.5, -25.5, -24.5, -23.5, -22.5, -21.5, -20.5, -19.5, -18.5,
           -17.5, -16.5, -15.5, -14.5, -13.5, -12.5, -11.5, -10.5,  -9.5,  -8.5,
            -7.5,  -6.5,  -5.5,  -4.5,  -3.5,  -2.5,  -1.5,  -0.5,   0.5,   1.5,
             2.5,   3.5,   4.5,   5.5,   6.5,   7.5,   8.5,   9.5,  10.5,  11.5,
            12.5,  13.5,  14.5,  15.5,  16.5,  17.5,  18.5,  19.5,  20.5,  21.5,
            22.5,  23.5,  24.5,  25.5,  26.5,  27.5,  28.5,  29.5,  30.5,  31.5,
            32.5,  33.5,  34.5,  35.5,  36.5,  37.5,  38.5,  39.5,  40.5,  41.5,
            42.5,  43.5,  44.5,  45.5,  46.5,  47.5,  48.5,  49.5,  50.5,  51.5,
            52.5,  53.5,  54.5,  55.5,  56.5,  57.5,  58.5,  59.5,  60.5,  61.5,
            62.5,  63.5,  64.5,  65.5,  66.5,  67.5,  68.5,  69.5,  70.5,  71.5,
            72.5,  73.5,  74.5,  75.5,  76.5,  77.5,  78.5,  79.5,  80.5,  81.5,
            82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    -179.5 -178.5 ... 178.5 179.5

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    units_long :

    Degrees East

    array([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, ...,  177.5,  178.5,  179.5], shape=(360,))

• Data variables: (5)
  • sea_water_salinity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    Array Chunk Bytes 4.92 GiB 4.61 MiB Shape (52, 10, 21, 168, 360) (1, 10, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 1092 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float64 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_water_potential_temperature
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    Array Chunk Bytes 4.92 GiB 4.61 MiB Shape (52, 10, 21, 168, 360) (1, 10, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 1092 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float64 numpy.ndarray

  • eastward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    Array Chunk Bytes 4.92 GiB 4.61 MiB Shape (52, 10, 21, 168, 360) (1, 10, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 1092 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float64 numpy.ndarray

  • northward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 1, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    Array Chunk Bytes 4.92 GiB 4.61 MiB Shape (52, 10, 21, 168, 360) (1, 10, 1, 168, 360) Dask graph 1092 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float64 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_surface_height_above_geoid
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float64
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 10, 168, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    Array Chunk Bytes 239.94 MiB 4.61 MiB Shape (52, 10, 168, 360) (1, 10, 168, 360) Dask graph 52 chunks in 173 graph layers Data type float64 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,   47.37369155883789,    92.3260726928711,
            155.85069274902344,  222.47520446777344,   318.1274108886719,
             380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,   541.0889282226562,
             643.5667724609375,   763.3331298828125,   902.3392944335938,
                1245.291015625,  1684.2840576171875,   2225.077880859375,
             3220.820068359375,   3597.031982421875,    3992.48388671875,
              4405.22412109375,      4833.291015625,     5274.7841796875],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5, -69.5, -68.5,
           ...
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5],
          dtype='float64', name='latitude', length=168))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, -176.5, -175.5, -174.5, -173.5, -172.5, -171.5,
           -170.5,
           ...
            170.5,  171.5,  172.5,  173.5,  174.5,  175.5,  176.5,  177.5,  178.5,
            179.5],
          dtype='float64', name='longitude', length=360))

• Attributes: (3)

  regrid_method :

  bilinear

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  glonet

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.072667	0.077230	0.074716	0.077791	0.077925	0.082637	0.081487	0.083790	0.084250	0.089387
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.644021	0.658001	0.665843	0.674214	0.718963	0.736496	0.789451	0.801140	0.857569	0.883480
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.695336	0.690680	0.701630	0.697876	0.708750	0.702335	0.716360	0.711394	0.725806	0.713347
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.124186	0.123613	0.123958	0.124597	0.127530	0.128310	0.131264	0.133341	0.137216	0.138476
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.125008	0.124796	0.125901	0.127023	0.130780	0.131959	0.134763	0.137459	0.141816	0.143899
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.932531	0.940339	0.949540	0.965030	0.999585	1.034523	1.072352	1.126858	1.158842	1.228290
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.356817	0.355642	0.362938	0.362302	0.366908	0.366799	0.371767	0.372207	0.377401	0.378098
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.109694	0.109475	0.108337	0.109192	0.110245	0.112519	0.115090	0.118356	0.120698	0.123365
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.111387	0.111114	0.110239	0.110908	0.111884	0.113780	0.116166	0.119255	0.121809	0.125006
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	1.003276	1.008550	1.016495	1.031378	1.044441	1.074011	1.091417	1.133794	1.149986	1.202714
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.244229	0.244502	0.246805	0.247873	0.249162	0.250966	0.252124	0.254651	0.255435	0.258303
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.106209	0.106091	0.104736	0.105227	0.105591	0.106818	0.108220	0.109925	0.111158	0.112448
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.110976	0.111008	0.110006	0.110376	0.110806	0.111966	0.113448	0.115539	0.117166	0.118991
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.861797	0.865840	0.873412	0.877799	0.881254	0.888263	0.896190	0.905862	0.916039	0.926271
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.158608	0.158914	0.158573	0.159101	0.159353	0.160300	0.160948	0.162183	0.162784	0.164106
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.102709	0.102677	0.100955	0.101195	0.101018	0.101687	0.102247	0.103257	0.103718	0.104515
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.108516	0.108450	0.107204	0.107332	0.107356	0.108006	0.108752	0.109830	0.110481	0.111338
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.728445	0.729239	0.728573	0.729423	0.722820	0.725989	0.724483	0.730857	0.733242	0.738926
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.123112	0.123033	0.123074	0.122954	0.123210	0.123316	0.123857	0.124255	0.124824	0.125183
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.099952	0.099932	0.098089	0.098277	0.097907	0.098464	0.098812	0.099693	0.099957	0.100674
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.104215	0.104109	0.102517	0.102539	0.102273	0.102688	0.103124	0.103855	0.104245	0.104832
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.542101	0.544314	0.532411	0.535383	0.534560	0.538798	0.544095	0.549719	0.556292	0.560579
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.090319	0.090284	0.090090	0.090097	0.090652	0.090806	0.091728	0.092089	0.092925	0.093273
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.091357	0.091275	0.089509	0.089532	0.089098	0.089376	0.089553	0.090021	0.090164	0.090525
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.095151	0.095003	0.093384	0.093308	0.093009	0.093249	0.093563	0.094040	0.094361	0.094746

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	55.694668	55.322895	58.037075	57.641701	60.977188	61.059139	63.518562	63.931381	65.692963	66.257347

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.056354	0.057617	0.060877	0.063371	0.067208	0.070951	0.073593	0.079201	0.080891	0.087192
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.053310	0.055803	0.060174	0.061330	0.066889	0.069260	0.074185	0.078401	0.083550	0.086823

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.902154	0.828482	0.844205	0.834616	0.905506	0.907517	0.947464	0.964055	0.972032	0.985692
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.613096	0.662746	0.715617	0.921259	0.970525	0.983851	0.999307	1.020927	1.068743	1.118429
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	1.079424	0.891700	1.050686	1.089711	1.104007	1.139031	1.176403	1.196371	1.213708	1.281274
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.974154	0.762025	0.902267	0.912862	0.906397	0.934236	0.947990	0.958562	0.966995	1.022284
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.570325	0.495847	0.513655	0.582664	0.577807	0.587638	0.598503	0.600462	0.592120	0.641529
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.192494	0.292491	0.344353	0.238841	0.260096	0.235807	0.248939	0.249367	0.260731	0.272635
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.178978	0.221543	0.192985	0.200127	0.201660	0.204805	0.204944	0.206500	0.213988	0.213505
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.139846	0.103293	0.122455	0.132209	0.130074	0.135294	0.134066	0.135098	0.136285	0.141493
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.091610	0.074365	0.075879	0.080834	0.081176	0.082087	0.084397	0.084131	0.084293	0.090550
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.110355	0.105545	0.109560	0.112388	0.116993	0.113122	0.118046	0.119540	0.123578	0.120334
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.198860	0.213884	0.208226	0.210379	0.212033	0.214626	0.216340	0.215286	0.217625	0.218251
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.179989	0.190581	0.192471	0.192743	0.194345	0.195173	0.197033	0.196800	0.198101	0.200325

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	9.854463	18.792688	27.276966	35.565437	43.646523	51.455647	59.096493	66.668594

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.024257	0.028547	0.031704	0.037875	0.043534	0.048302	0.051874	0.057112	0.060447	0.064370
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.382324	0.401678	0.469680	0.485425	0.574014	0.602218	0.682012	0.700958	0.772398	0.804007
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.130301	0.134218	0.188580	0.196884	0.234935	0.245544	0.275013	0.284168	0.310684	0.317906
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.068774	0.072271	0.071743	0.080249	0.089608	0.097882	0.107021	0.115013	0.122613	0.127593
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.065170	0.068914	0.071536	0.080798	0.091475	0.100134	0.108913	0.117631	0.126151	0.131973
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.674358	0.680123	0.710684	0.731468	0.793118	0.837384	0.902146	0.966012	1.017725	1.091846
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.084824	0.086585	0.118031	0.120842	0.141293	0.145088	0.161172	0.164908	0.177968	0.180728
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.047628	0.049978	0.054263	0.059267	0.065613	0.073383	0.081973	0.090680	0.097336	0.103747
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.046591	0.048666	0.054584	0.059863	0.066246	0.074041	0.082648	0.091604	0.098966	0.106365
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.499362	0.504406	0.565992	0.592878	0.666968	0.715242	0.788526	0.850563	0.910768	0.975678
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.068174	0.068804	0.092161	0.093675	0.110020	0.112125	0.124911	0.127194	0.136863	0.138062
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.041875	0.043160	0.047414	0.051797	0.057743	0.064334	0.071913	0.078996	0.084846	0.089938
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.040509	0.042021	0.047442	0.052297	0.058499	0.065570	0.073245	0.081019	0.087440	0.093400
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.378091	0.384276	0.434006	0.450467	0.486229	0.513751	0.550677	0.585212	0.614667	0.645914
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.047702	0.048094	0.065681	0.067120	0.079432	0.081940	0.091497	0.094551	0.101281	0.103748
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.032549	0.032988	0.036943	0.040766	0.046264	0.052347	0.059152	0.065790	0.071043	0.075904
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.031107	0.031682	0.036164	0.040146	0.045628	0.051913	0.058692	0.065454	0.070797	0.075937
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.322437	0.327023	0.368330	0.382124	0.403717	0.429497	0.453702	0.486317	0.505749	0.534407
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.044521	0.044778	0.057844	0.059207	0.067651	0.070195	0.076636	0.079900	0.084238	0.087047
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.029479	0.029839	0.033759	0.037421	0.042707	0.048529	0.054968	0.061359	0.066372	0.071108
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.028153	0.028567	0.032915	0.036716	0.041892	0.047872	0.054235	0.060665	0.065669	0.070574
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.184933	0.186594	0.236367	0.243494	0.287189	0.299946	0.338989	0.355525	0.385291	0.398034
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.031850	0.031875	0.042590	0.043272	0.051275	0.052470	0.058654	0.060329	0.064660	0.066038
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.025064	0.025493	0.029291	0.032894	0.037718	0.042948	0.048592	0.054162	0.058620	0.062776
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.023889	0.024303	0.028593	0.032133	0.036874	0.042100	0.047607	0.053176	0.057610	0.061896

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	48.455349	47.820232	52.050053	51.760666	55.85146	56.384052	58.955601	59.301697	60.86578	62.037865

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.028025	0.032544	0.040049	0.044681	0.051153	0.057514	0.062173	0.070273	0.072827	0.080489
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.030067	0.036963	0.044008	0.047285	0.054153	0.058720	0.065395	0.071404	0.077003	0.081057

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	4.617649	10.296677	16.808176	23.927696	31.290438	38.657009	46.028931	53.483421