Open challenger datasets

import oceanbench

oceanbench.__version__

'0.0.3'

Insert here the code that opens the challenger dataset as challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Mercator Ocean International <https://www.mercator-ocean.eu/>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: EUPL-1.2

# Open GLO12 1 degree base challenger forecasts with xarray
import xarray
import oceanbench

challenger_dataset: xarray.Dataset = oceanbench.datasets.challenger.glo12_1_degree()

challenger_dataset

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 11GB
Dimensions:                          (first_day_datetime: 52,
                                      lead_day_index: 10, depth: 21,
                                      latitude: 170, longitude: 360)
Coordinates:
  * depth                            (depth) float32 84B 0.494 ... 5.275e+03
  * lead_day_index                   (lead_day_index) int64 80B 0 1 2 ... 7 8 9
  * first_day_datetime               (first_day_datetime) datetime64[us] 416B ...
  * latitude                         (latitude) float64 1kB -79.5 -78.5 ... 89.5
  * longitude                        (longitude) float64 3kB -179.5 ... 179.5
Data variables:
    sea_water_salinity               (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_water_potential_temperature  (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    eastward_sea_water_velocity      (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    northward_sea_water_velocity     (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude) float32 3GB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
    sea_surface_height_above_geoid   (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude) float32 127MB dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>
Attributes:
    Conventions:             CF-1.8
    area:                    Global
    contact:                 https://marine.copernicus.eu/contact
    credit:                  E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS)
    institution:             Mercator Ocean International
    licence:                 http://marine.copernicus.eu/services-portfolio/s...
    producer:                CMEMS - Global Monitoring and Forecasting Centre
    references:              http://marine.copernicus.eu
    source:                  MOI GLO12
    title:                   daily mean fields from Global Ocean Physics Anal...
    oceanbench_source_kind:  challenger
    oceanbench_source_name:  glo12

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • first_day_datetime: 52
  • lead_day_index: 10
  • depth: 21
  • latitude: 170
  • longitude: 360
• Coordinates: (5)
  • depth
    (depth)
    float32
    0.494 47.37 ... 4.833e+03 5.275e+03

    axis :

    Z

    long_name :

    Depth

    positive :

    down

    standard_name :

    depth

    unit_long :

    Meters

    units :

    m

    valid_max :

    5727.9169921875

    valid_min :

    0.49402499198913574

    array([4.940250e-01, 4.737369e+01, 9.232607e+01, 1.558507e+02, 2.224752e+02,
           3.181274e+02, 3.802130e+02, 4.539377e+02, 5.410889e+02, 6.435668e+02,
           7.633331e+02, 9.023393e+02, 1.245291e+03, 1.684284e+03, 2.225078e+03,
           3.220820e+03, 3.597032e+03, 3.992484e+03, 4.405224e+03, 4.833291e+03,
           5.274784e+03], dtype=float32)

  • lead_day_index
    (lead_day_index)
    int64
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

    array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

  • first_day_datetime
    (first_day_datetime)
    datetime64[us]
    2024-01-03 ... 2024-12-25

    array(['2024-01-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-01-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-01-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-02-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-02-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-06T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-13T00:00:00.000000', '2024-03-20T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-03-27T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-03T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-10T00:00:00.000000', '2024-04-17T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-04-24T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-01T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-08T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-15T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-05-22T00:00:00.000000', '2024-05-29T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-05T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-12T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-06-19T00:00:00.000000', '2024-06-26T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-03T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-10T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-17T00:00:00.000000', '2024-07-24T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-07-31T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-07T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-14T00:00:00.000000', '2024-08-21T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-08-28T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-04T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-11T00:00:00.000000', '2024-09-18T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-09-25T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-02T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-09T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-16T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-10-23T00:00:00.000000', '2024-10-30T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-06T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-13T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-11-20T00:00:00.000000', '2024-11-27T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-04T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-11T00:00:00.000000',
           '2024-12-18T00:00:00.000000', '2024-12-25T00:00:00.000000'],
          dtype='datetime64[us]')

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -79.5 -78.5 -77.5 ... 88.5 89.5

    axis :

    Y

    long_name :

    Latitude

    standard_name :

    latitude

    step :

    0.08333587646484375

    unit_long :

    Degrees North

    units :

    degrees_north

    valid_max :

    90.0

    valid_min :

    -80.0

    array([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           -69.5, -68.5, -67.5, -66.5, -65.5, -64.5, -63.5, -62.5, -61.5, -60.5,
           -59.5, -58.5, -57.5, -56.5, -55.5, -54.5, -53.5, -52.5, -51.5, -50.5,
           -49.5, -48.5, -47.5, -46.5, -45.5, -44.5, -43.5, -42.5, -41.5, -40.5,
           -39.5, -38.5, -37.5, -36.5, -35.5, -34.5, -33.5, -32.5, -31.5, -30.5,
           -29.5, -28.5, -27.5, -26.5, -25.5, -24.5, -23.5, -22.5, -21.5, -20.5,
           -19.5, -18.5, -17.5, -16.5, -15.5, -14.5, -13.5, -12.5, -11.5, -10.5,
            -9.5,  -8.5,  -7.5,  -6.5,  -5.5,  -4.5,  -3.5,  -2.5,  -1.5,  -0.5,
             0.5,   1.5,   2.5,   3.5,   4.5,   5.5,   6.5,   7.5,   8.5,   9.5,
            10.5,  11.5,  12.5,  13.5,  14.5,  15.5,  16.5,  17.5,  18.5,  19.5,
            20.5,  21.5,  22.5,  23.5,  24.5,  25.5,  26.5,  27.5,  28.5,  29.5,
            30.5,  31.5,  32.5,  33.5,  34.5,  35.5,  36.5,  37.5,  38.5,  39.5,
            40.5,  41.5,  42.5,  43.5,  44.5,  45.5,  46.5,  47.5,  48.5,  49.5,
            50.5,  51.5,  52.5,  53.5,  54.5,  55.5,  56.5,  57.5,  58.5,  59.5,
            60.5,  61.5,  62.5,  63.5,  64.5,  65.5,  66.5,  67.5,  68.5,  69.5,
            70.5,  71.5,  72.5,  73.5,  74.5,  75.5,  76.5,  77.5,  78.5,  79.5,
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    -179.5 -178.5 ... 178.5 179.5

    axis :

    X

    long_name :

    Longitude

    standard_name :

    longitude

    step :

    0.0833282470703125

    unit_long :

    Degrees East

    units :

    degrees_east

    valid_max :

    179.91668701171875

    valid_min :

    -180.0

    array([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, ...,  177.5,  178.5,  179.5], shape=(360,))

• Data variables: (5)
  • sea_water_salinity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Salinity

    standard_name :

    sea_water_salinity

    unit_long :

    Practical Salinity Unit

    units :

    1e-3

    valid_max :

    50.0

    valid_min :

    0.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.49 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 21, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 10920 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_water_potential_temperature
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Temperature

    standard_name :

    sea_water_potential_temperature

    unit_long :

    Degrees Celsius

    units :

    degrees_C

    valid_max :

    40.0

    valid_min :

    -10.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.49 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 21, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 10920 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • eastward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Eastward velocity

    standard_name :

    eastward_sea_water_velocity

    unit_long :

    Meters per second

    units :

    m s-1

    valid_max :

    5.0

    valid_min :

    -5.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.49 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 21, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 10920 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • northward_sea_water_velocity
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, depth, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Northward velocity

    standard_name :

    northward_sea_water_velocity

    unit_long :

    Meters per second

    units :

    m s-1

    valid_max :

    5.0

    valid_min :

    -5.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 2.49 GiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 21, 170, 360) (1, 1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 10920 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

  • sea_surface_height_above_geoid
    (first_day_datetime, lead_day_index, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    dask.array<chunksize=(1, 1, 170, 360), meta=np.ndarray>

    cell_methods :

    area: mean

    long_name :

    Sea surface height

    standard_name :

    sea_surface_height_above_geoid

    unit_long :

    Meters

    units :

    m

    valid_max :

    5.0

    valid_min :

    -5.0

    Array Chunk Bytes 121.40 MiB 239.06 kiB Shape (52, 10, 170, 360) (1, 1, 170, 360) Dask graph 520 chunks in 176 graph layers Data type float32 numpy.ndarray

• Indexes: (5)
  • depth
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0.49402499198913574,   47.37369155883789,    92.3260726928711,
            155.85069274902344,  222.47520446777344,   318.1274108886719,
             380.2130126953125,   453.9377136230469,   541.0889282226562,
             643.5667724609375,   763.3331298828125,   902.3392944335938,
                1245.291015625,  1684.2840576171875,   2225.077880859375,
             3220.820068359375,   3597.031982421875,    3992.48388671875,
              4405.22412109375,      4833.291015625,     5274.7841796875],
          dtype='float32', name='depth'))

  • lead_day_index
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], dtype='int64', name='lead_day_index'))

  • first_day_datetime
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(DatetimeIndex(['2024-01-03', '2024-01-10', '2024-01-17', '2024-01-24',
                   '2024-01-31', '2024-02-07', '2024-02-14', '2024-02-21',
                   '2024-02-28', '2024-03-06', '2024-03-13', '2024-03-20',
                   '2024-03-27', '2024-04-03', '2024-04-10', '2024-04-17',
                   '2024-04-24', '2024-05-01', '2024-05-08', '2024-05-15',
                   '2024-05-22', '2024-05-29', '2024-06-05', '2024-06-12',
                   '2024-06-19', '2024-06-26', '2024-07-03', '2024-07-10',
                   '2024-07-17', '2024-07-24', '2024-07-31', '2024-08-07',
                   '2024-08-14', '2024-08-21', '2024-08-28', '2024-09-04',
                   '2024-09-11', '2024-09-18', '2024-09-25', '2024-10-02',
                   '2024-10-09', '2024-10-16', '2024-10-23', '2024-10-30',
                   '2024-11-06', '2024-11-13', '2024-11-20', '2024-11-27',
                   '2024-12-04', '2024-12-11', '2024-12-18', '2024-12-25'],
                  dtype='datetime64[us]', name='first_day_datetime', freq=None))

  • latitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-79.5, -78.5, -77.5, -76.5, -75.5, -74.5, -73.5, -72.5, -71.5, -70.5,
           ...
            80.5,  81.5,  82.5,  83.5,  84.5,  85.5,  86.5,  87.5,  88.5,  89.5],
          dtype='float64', name='latitude', length=170))

  • longitude
    PandasIndex

    PandasIndex(Index([-179.5, -178.5, -177.5, -176.5, -175.5, -174.5, -173.5, -172.5, -171.5,
           -170.5,
           ...
            170.5,  171.5,  172.5,  173.5,  174.5,  175.5,  176.5,  177.5,  178.5,
            179.5],
          dtype='float64', name='longitude', length=360))

• Attributes: (12)

  Conventions :

  CF-1.8

  area :

  Global

  contact :

  https://marine.copernicus.eu/contact

  credit :

  E.U. Copernicus Marine Service Information (CMEMS)

  institution :

  Mercator Ocean International

  licence :

  http://marine.copernicus.eu/services-portfolio/service-commitments-and-licence/

  producer :

  CMEMS - Global Monitoring and Forecasting Centre

  references :

  http://marine.copernicus.eu

  source :

  MOI GLO12

  title :

  daily mean fields from Global Ocean Physics Analysis and Forecast updated Daily

  oceanbench_source_kind :

  challenger

  oceanbench_source_name :

  glo12

Evaluation configuration

region = 'global'

Evaluation of challenger dataset using OceanBench

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.068725	0.069605	0.070691	0.071958	0.073425	0.075115	0.077371	0.079424	0.081377	0.083271
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.551948	0.556014	0.561285	0.568969	0.579005	0.590485	0.605248	0.620555	0.635175	0.652847
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.849264	0.849049	0.848528	0.849165	0.849884	0.851771	0.853372	0.854891	0.855387	0.857691
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.121502	0.124010	0.126843	0.129961	0.133576	0.137576	0.141983	0.146342	0.150058	0.153258
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.122634	0.125419	0.128497	0.131802	0.135553	0.139711	0.144273	0.148885	0.152306	0.155649
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.854162	0.857974	0.862144	0.866557	0.873679	0.881184	0.891029	0.901197	0.909550	0.916743
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.377471	0.377666	0.377912	0.378195	0.378564	0.378967	0.379464	0.380212	0.380768	0.381317
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.116301	0.118307	0.120614	0.123070	0.125717	0.128649	0.131741	0.134816	0.137234	0.139490
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.118079	0.120152	0.122352	0.124706	0.127084	0.129719	0.132791	0.135809	0.138084	0.140399
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	1.013746	1.016678	1.019949	1.024593	1.031044	1.038684	1.048097	1.058413	1.065573	1.072364
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.253537	0.253586	0.253658	0.253963	0.254275	0.254697	0.255280	0.255927	0.256357	0.256698
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.114153	0.115871	0.117764	0.119774	0.121962	0.124377	0.127019	0.129535	0.131539	0.133446
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.117993	0.119697	0.121533	0.123466	0.125408	0.127521	0.129807	0.132323	0.134236	0.136123
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.856927	0.860333	0.864226	0.869232	0.874495	0.880715	0.888612	0.896892	0.903028	0.908649
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.160222	0.160359	0.160518	0.160855	0.161257	0.161803	0.162511	0.163261	0.163771	0.164222
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.111233	0.112416	0.113682	0.115069	0.116621	0.118249	0.120020	0.121713	0.123163	0.124502
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.115969	0.117145	0.118358	0.119577	0.120843	0.122321	0.123991	0.125714	0.127063	0.128392
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.727407	0.731021	0.734835	0.739890	0.745779	0.752322	0.760266	0.768763	0.774916	0.780568
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.126529	0.126774	0.127029	0.127421	0.127954	0.128522	0.129304	0.130169	0.130784	0.131341
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.108453	0.109403	0.110444	0.111593	0.112882	0.114268	0.115788	0.117286	0.118473	0.119614
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.112136	0.113044	0.114031	0.115032	0.116110	0.117376	0.118798	0.120269	0.121408	0.122582
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.563320	0.566062	0.569155	0.573104	0.577920	0.583610	0.590628	0.597955	0.602815	0.607694
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.095011	0.095144	0.095355	0.095707	0.096105	0.096581	0.097246	0.097932	0.098323	0.098792
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.099546	0.100227	0.100932	0.101712	0.102586	0.103539	0.104633	0.105687	0.106581	0.107451
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.102859	0.103497	0.104142	0.104800	0.105542	0.106456	0.107468	0.108530	0.109357	0.110217

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	47.501938	47.3545	47.214993	47.354309	47.535305	47.76738	48.027351	48.556644	48.762474	49.461746

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.054346	0.055869	0.057508	0.059445	0.061554	0.063728	0.066195	0.068469	0.070325	0.072166
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.050696	0.052419	0.054264	0.055743	0.057469	0.059237	0.061502	0.063759	0.065767	0.067780

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to observations

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_observations(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.918974	0.849762	0.807223	0.801019	0.840154	0.848409	0.856435	0.878915	0.844795	0.871308
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{0-5m}	0.502158	0.575012	0.599329	0.840438	0.850541	0.879706	0.864586	0.861389	0.886512	0.926206
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{5-100m}	1.039686	0.827734	1.026797	1.023576	1.020675	1.040762	1.068500	1.066422	1.065821	1.101304
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100-300m}	0.975141	0.729890	0.905140	0.889862	0.878838	0.911627	0.914618	0.932274	0.937119	0.962920
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300-600m}	0.549431	0.480117	0.570973	0.590485	0.596512	0.609171	0.614714	0.626315	0.634876	0.663715
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{0-5m}	0.190437	0.252857	0.339141	0.255880	0.261794	0.243711	0.242948	0.257307	0.260603	0.267427
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{5-100m}	0.179445	0.204783	0.189933	0.211125	0.207037	0.212595	0.207278	0.212265	0.218709	0.214767
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100-300m}	0.141730	0.106268	0.130797	0.135996	0.133887	0.141692	0.138167	0.140782	0.144539	0.145537
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300-600m}	0.091690	0.080009	0.097222	0.086064	0.085709	0.088690	0.089125	0.091270	0.092046	0.096611
Sea level anomaly (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.112433	0.112922	0.113049	0.117383	0.118364	0.119452	0.120259	0.121608	0.122441	0.123741
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.204982	0.220241	0.211464	0.214140	0.215703	0.218687	0.221503	0.221680	0.223769	0.225846
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{15m}	0.187779	0.196238	0.197325	0.198155	0.200374	0.201537	0.204227	0.204795	0.206509	0.210367

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLORYS reanalysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glorys_reanalysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	10.30335	20.072735	29.363197	38.221016	46.718796	54.944157	62.930504	70.716721

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of variables compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_variables_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Sea surface height (m) [sea_surface_height_above_geoid]{surface}	0.009313	0.011362	0.014810	0.019150	0.024339	0.029928	0.036091	0.041430	0.045481	0.049182
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{surface}	0.108095	0.132760	0.167044	0.208693	0.254783	0.302560	0.352210	0.397737	0.432729	0.471798
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{surface}	0.054173	0.066116	0.081310	0.099855	0.121619	0.144212	0.165914	0.186835	0.202201	0.220477
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.027888	0.035110	0.044401	0.055216	0.067229	0.079626	0.091871	0.102904	0.111126	0.118110
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.026717	0.034891	0.045073	0.056199	0.068349	0.081069	0.093354	0.104613	0.112664	0.120080
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{50m}	0.164194	0.186997	0.223316	0.270507	0.323860	0.379928	0.437255	0.489126	0.523500	0.554890
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{50m}	0.034233	0.039345	0.046867	0.056122	0.066672	0.077836	0.088842	0.099365	0.107023	0.114046
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.025362	0.030445	0.037599	0.046382	0.056562	0.067246	0.077872	0.087596	0.094456	0.100624
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{50m}	0.024239	0.029696	0.037121	0.046056	0.056098	0.066755	0.077384	0.087021	0.093900	0.100140
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{100m}	0.177023	0.200599	0.238129	0.287077	0.342839	0.401289	0.461558	0.516100	0.551989	0.584193
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{100m}	0.028940	0.033295	0.039483	0.047277	0.056158	0.065573	0.075187	0.084128	0.090461	0.096022
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.023511	0.027934	0.034231	0.042264	0.051582	0.061388	0.071278	0.080320	0.086688	0.092493
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{100m}	0.022729	0.027386	0.033853	0.041897	0.051019	0.060787	0.070596	0.079561	0.085937	0.091808
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{200m}	0.129790	0.151273	0.182886	0.222887	0.268793	0.318252	0.369385	0.415621	0.446191	0.474514
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{200m}	0.021908	0.025500	0.030478	0.036565	0.043564	0.051106	0.058942	0.066101	0.071278	0.075969
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.019325	0.023009	0.028273	0.034998	0.042863	0.051179	0.059573	0.067434	0.073053	0.078137
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{200m}	0.017859	0.021808	0.027215	0.033883	0.041559	0.049793	0.058130	0.065795	0.071301	0.076513
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{300m}	0.108346	0.127708	0.156198	0.191685	0.232538	0.276954	0.322537	0.364231	0.391941	0.417359
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{300m}	0.017937	0.021078	0.025390	0.030723	0.036862	0.043458	0.050193	0.056488	0.061038	0.065149
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.017896	0.021237	0.026032	0.032203	0.039425	0.047079	0.054820	0.062135	0.067417	0.072244
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{300m}	0.016334	0.019913	0.024830	0.030912	0.037898	0.045454	0.053127	0.060297	0.065468	0.070403
Temperature (°C) [sea_water_potential_temperature]{500m}	0.081839	0.096978	0.119271	0.147452	0.179813	0.214578	0.250446	0.283707	0.306836	0.327811
Salinity (PSU) [sea_water_salinity]{500m}	0.012836	0.015172	0.018441	0.022461	0.027066	0.031969	0.037013	0.041729	0.045334	0.048563
Meridional current (m/s) [northward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.015019	0.017773	0.021759	0.026835	0.032743	0.039154	0.045708	0.051879	0.056441	0.060663
Zonal current (m/s) [eastward_sea_water_velocity]{500m}	0.013579	0.016495	0.020512	0.025499	0.031240	0.037493	0.043929	0.050071	0.054641	0.058895

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of Mixed Layer Depth (MLD) compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_mixed_layer_depth_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Mixed layer depth (m) [ocean_mixed_layer_thickness]{surface}	29.71694	30.424309	31.137112	31.992596	32.965439	34.564785	35.727028	36.618454	37.535198	39.063515

Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) of geostrophic currents compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.rmsd_of_geostrophic_currents_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 1	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9	Lead day 10
Meridional geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_northward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.012612	0.014665	0.018257	0.022663	0.027530	0.032806	0.038341	0.043148	0.046299	0.049443
Zonal geostrophic current (m/s) [geostrophic_eastward_sea_water_velocity]{surface}	0.012176	0.013820	0.017354	0.021566	0.026106	0.030877	0.035963	0.040220	0.042901	0.046040

Deviation of Lagrangian trajectories compared to GLO12 analysis

oceanbench.metrics.deviation_of_lagrangian_trajectories_compared_to_glo12_analysis(
    challenger_dataset,
    region=region,
)

	Lead day 2	Lead day 3	Lead day 4	Lead day 5	Lead day 6	Lead day 7	Lead day 8	Lead day 9
Lagrangian trajectory deviation (km) []{surface}	3.486385	9.518498	16.528439	23.833391	31.178711	38.486576	45.732803	52.879639